• 48, XXXX syndrome

    An extremely rare condition in which a female has two extra X chromosomes.

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm

    An enlarged area in the lower part of the aorta, the body's main artery.

  • Abdominal distension

    Bloating and swelling in the belly area.

  • Abdominal obesity

    Excess weight that develops over time around the center of the body. Abdominal fat also is called visceral fat.

  • Abdominal pain

    Pain from inside the belly or from the belly's outer muscle wall, ranging from mild and temporary to severe and needing emergency care.

  • Abrasion

    An abrasion is an injury that happens when something rubs or scrapes the skin or the soft layers under the skin.

  • Abscess

    A pocket of pus that collects under the skin or in deeper spaces inside the body.

  • Acanthosis nigricans

    A skin condition that causes dark, velvety patches in body folds and creases.

  • Achalasia

    A rare condition making it difficult for food and liquid to pass into the stomach.

  • Achilles tendinitis

    An injury of the Achilles tendon, which joins the calf muscles to the heel bone.

  • Achilles tendon rupture

    A partial or complete tear of the tendon just above the heel. The injury makes it hard to raise the foot or walk properly.

  • Achondroplasia

    The most common type of short-limbed dwarfism.

  • Acidosis

    A buildup of acid in the body.

  • Acne

    A skin condition that occurs when hair follicles plug with oil and dead skin cells.

  • Acromegaly

    A rare condition in adults that causes some bones, organs and other tissue to grow bigger.

  • Actinic keratosis

    A rough, scaly patch on the skin caused by years of sun exposure.

  • Acute coronary syndrome

    Any condition related to sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart.

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

    A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects white blood cells.

  • Acute myeloid leukemia

    A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects mature blood cell growth.

  • Acute pancreatitis

    Sudden inflammation in the pancreas.

  • Acute renal failure

    A condition in which the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to filter waste products from blood.

  • Acute respiratory disease syndrome

    Condition in which fluid collects in the lungs' air sacs, depriving organs of oxygen.

  • Addison's disease

    A rare condition that happens when the body doesn't make enough of certain hormones.

  • Adenitis

    Swelling of an infection-fighting node, called a lymph node.

  • Adenocarcinoma

    A form of cancer that starts in the cells that line certain organs, called glandular cells.

  • Adenoma

    A noncancerous tumor that grows in glandular tissue.

  • Adenomyosis

    A condition in which the tissue that lines the uterus grows into the muscular wall of the uterus.

  • Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder

    A condition involving stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. Also known as frozen shoulder.

  • Adjustment disorder

    A type of stress-related mental condition brought on by a life change.

  • Adrenal fatigue

    A term for a broad group of symptoms such as body aches and tiredness.

  • Adrenal insufficiency

    A condition where the adrenal glands don't make enough of certain hormones.

  • Adrenoleukodystrophy

    A genetic condition that damages the membrane surrounding the brain nerve cells.

  • Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

    A mental health condition exhibited by difficulty maintaining attention.

  • African trypanosomiasis

    A disease caused by infection with a parasite spread through a tsetse fly bite.

  • Aggression

    A type of behavior intending to cause physical or mental harm.

  • Agnosia

    Loss of the ability to identify objects or people.

  • Agoraphobia

    Fear of places and situations that might cause panic, helplessness, or embarrassment.

  • Akathisia

    A feeling of muscle quivering, restlessness, and inability to sit still, sometimes a side effect of antipsychotic or antidepressant medication.

  • Albinism

    A group of inherited disorders characterized by little or no melanin production.

  • Alcohol abuse

    A pattern of drinking that interferes with day-to-day activities.

  • Alcohol intoxication

    A disturbance in behavior or mental acuity during or after alcohol consumption.

  • Alcohol withdrawal

    Symptoms that occur after stopping heavy drinking of alcohol.

  • Alcoholism

    A chronic disease including uncontrolled drinking and preoccupation with alcohol.

  • Allergic rhinitis

    An allergic response causing itchy, watery eyes, sneezing and other coldlike symptoms.

  • Allergic sinusitis

    Swelling and irritation of the spaces inside the nose and head, also known as sinuses, due to allergies.

  • Alopecia

    Hair loss from the scalp or body that can occur in people of any age and gender.

  • Alopecia areata

    Sudden hair loss that starts with 1 or more round bald patches that may overlap.

  • Altitude sickness

    Feeling sick from lower oxygen levels after arriving at a high altitude.

  • Alveolar osteitis

    A painful dental condition occurring after an adult tooth is removed.

  • Alzheimer's disease

    A progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions.

  • Amebiasis

    A parasitic infection of the colon with the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica.

  • Amenorrhea

    Not having monthly menstrual periods.

  • Amnesia

    Inability to remember events for a period of time, often due to brain injury, illness, or the effects of drugs or alcohol.

  • Amyloidosis

    The buildup of amyloid proteins in the heart, kidneys, liver or other organs.

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

    A nervous system disease that weakens muscles and impacts physical function.

  • Anal cancer

    A type of cancer that occurs in the anal canal, a short tube at the end of the rectum.

  • Anal fissure

    A small tear in the lining of the anus.

  • Anal fistula

    An infection between the skin and the anus.

  • Anaphylaxis

    A severe, possibly life-threatening allergic reaction.

  • Anasarca

    General swelling throughout the body.

  • Androgenic alopecia

    Hair loss from the scalp, causing baldness.

  • Andropause

    Hormone changes in men that are related to aging.

  • Anemia

    A condition in which the blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells and hemoglobin.

  • Anemia of chronic disease

    Low red blood cells caused by certain chronic diseases.

  • Anencephaly

    An underdeveloped brain and an incomplete skull.

  • Aneuploidy

    One or more missing or extra chromosomes.

  • Aneurysm

    A weak area in a blood vessel wall that bulges and may burst.

  • Angelman syndrome

    A genetic disorder causing developmental disabilities and nerve-related symptoms.

  • Anger

    An intense negative emotion ranging from mild irritation to rage.

  • Angina pectoris

    A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

  • Angioedema

    Painless swelling under the skin, triggered by an allergy to animal dander, pollen, drugs, venom, food, or medicine.

  • Angular cheilitis

    Inflammation and small tears in one or both corners of the mouth.

  • Anhedonia

    An inability to experience pleasure.

  • Ankle pain

    Physical discomfort in the ankle area, often including the joint or the tendon that connects the lower leg to the heel, known as the Achilles tendon.

  • Ankyloglossia

    A condition that restricts the tongue's range of motion.

  • Ankylosing spondylitis

    An inflammatory disease that fuses bones of the spine together.

  • Anorexia nervosa

    An eating disorder causing people to obsess about weight and what they eat.

  • Anterior cruciate ligament injury

    A torn anterior cruciate ligament in the knee.

  • Anthrax

    A rare but serious illness that spreads through sick animals or tainted animal products.

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome

    A condition in which the immune system mistakenly creates antibodies that attack tissues in the body.

  • Antisocial behavior

    A dysfunction of a person's ways of thinking, perceiving situations, and relating to others.

  • Antisocial personality disorder

    A chronic mental condition that affects thinking, perceiving, and relating to others.

  • Anxiety

    Intense, excessive, and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations. Fast heart rate, rapid breathing, sweating, and feeling tired may occur.

  • Anxiety disorder

    A mental condition in which excessive, ongoing worry interferes with regular activities.

  • Aortic dissection

    A tear in the inner layer of the body's main artery, called the aorta.

  • Aortic valve stenosis

    Narrowing of the valve between the lower left heart chamber and the body's main artery.

  • Apathy

    Feeling indifferent or lacking emotion, often a sign of depression or misuse of alcohol or drugs.

  • Aphasia

    A language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate.

  • Aplastic anemia

    A rare and serious condition in which the body stops making enough new blood cells.

  • Appendicitis

    A condition in which the appendix becomes inflamed and filled with pus, causing pain.

  • Appendix cancer

    Cancer of the finger-shaped pouch attached to the colon, called the appendix.

  • Appetite loss

    Not feeling hungry nor wanting to eat.

  • Apraxia

    Inability to perform a movement or task when asked despite having the desire and physical capability to carry it out.

  • Apraxia

    Difficulty with skilled movements even when a person has the ability and desire to do them.

  • Arm pain

    Physical discomfort in any part of the arm.

  • Arnold-Chiari malformation

    A condition in which brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, present at birth.

  • Arteriovenous malformation

    An abnormal connection between arteries and veins, usually in the brain or spine.

  • Arthritis

    Swelling and tenderness in one or more joints, causing joint pain or stiffness that often gets worse with age.

  • Arthropathy

    Any disease of the joints.

  • Ascites

    Swelling of the belly caused by buildup of fluid. Ascites is most often related to liver disease but also can be caused by heart disease or kidney disease.

  • Asphyxia

    Lack of oxygen to the brain.

  • Aspiration pneumonia

    A lung infection caused by unintentional inhalation of food, drink, vomit, or saliva.

  • Asthenopia

    Eyestrain, or eye fatigue.

  • Asthma

    A condition in which a person's airways narrow, swell and produce extra mucus.

  • Astigmatism

    An imperfection in the eye's curvature.

  • Asymptomatic

    Showing no symptoms of a medical condition.

  • Ataxia

    Impaired balance or coordination, can be due to damage to brain, nerves, or muscles.

  • Atelectasis

    Complete or partial collapse of a lung or a section (lobe) of a lung.

  • Atheroma

    A buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in an artery and on the artery walls. Also called plaque.

  • Atherosclerosis

    The buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls.

  • Atopic dermatitis

    A condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It's also called eczema.

  • Atrial fibrillation

    An irregular and often very fast heart rhythm. Also called AFib.

  • Atrial flutter

    A heart rhythm disorder in which the heart's upper chambers beat too quickly. Also called an arrhythmia.

  • Atrial septal defect

    A hole in the wall between the heart's upper chambers that's present at birth.

  • Atrophy

    Wasting or decrease in size of cells, tissues or organs, caused by a number of conditions.

  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

    A condition marked by hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and trouble keeping attention.

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

    A chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.

  • Atypical pneumonia

    A lung infection (pneumonia) with atypical symptoms.

  • Auditory processing disorder

    A condition that makes it hard to understand speech.

  • Aura

    Symptoms or sensations, such as flashing lights or zigzag lines, which typically precede migraine headache, seizure, or other neurological events.

  • Autism spectrum disorder

    A serious developmental disorder that impairs the ability to communicate and interact.

  • Autoimmune thyroiditis

    A disorder that happens when the immune system attacks the thyroid gland.

  • Avascular necrosis

    The death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. Avascular necrosis also is known as osteonecrosis.

  • Avitaminosis

    A lack of the recommended blood levels of one or more essential vitamins.

  • Avoidant personality disorder

    A disorder characterized by social discomfort and avoidance of interpersonal contact.

  • Avulsion injury

    An injury in which body tissue is ripped or torn away.

  • Azoospermia

    A condition in which the body doesn't make sperm.

  • Azotemia

    Elevated levels of certain waste products in the blood.

  • Baby acne

    Small bumps that appear on a baby's cheeks, nose, and forehead.

  • Baby colic

    When a well-fed, healthy baby cries long, hard and loud for no known reason at the same time every day.

  • Back pain

    Physical discomfort occurring anywhere on the spine or back, ranging from mild to disabling.

  • Bacterial arthritis

    A painful infection in a joint caused by bacteria.

  • Bacterial vaginosis

    A condition caused by too much of certain bacteria in the vagina.

  • Baker cyst

    A fluid-filled cyst behind the knee.

  • Balanitis

    Inflammation of the foreskin and head of the penis.

  • Barrett esophagus

    Damage to the lower part of the tube that connects the mouth and stomach, called the esophagus.

  • Bartholin's cyst

    A small fluid-filled sac near the opening of the vagina.

  • Basal cell carcinoma

    A type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells.

  • Bedbug infestation

    Bedbug infestation definition

  • Bee sting

    An injury caused by a bee's venom.

  • Behcet disease

    A rare condition causing swelling, also called inflammation, in blood vessels.

  • Bell's palsy

    Sudden weakness in the muscles on 1 side of the face.

  • Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

    A common reason for a sudden feeling of spinning or moving.

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia

    Linked to aging, this condition causes the prostate gland to get bigger and cause trouble with urinating.

  • Beriberi

    A condition in which the body doesn't have enough vitamin B-1, also called thiamin.

  • Beta thalassemia

    A type of blood condition passed through families.

  • Bicuspid aortic valve

    The valve between the lower left heart chamber and the body's main artery has two flaps instead of three.

  • Biliary colic

    Pain that happens when a gallstone is being passed and is blocking a bile duct. It typically comes and goes in a regular pattern.

  • Binge eating

    Frequently consuming unusually large amounts of food in one sitting and feeling that eating behavior is out of control.

  • Bipolar II Disorder

    A mental health condition that causes mood swings, including emotional highs called hypomania and lows called depression.

  • Bipolar disorder

    A mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings, including emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).

  • Bipolar disorder in children

    A condition in children marked by intense mood swings.

  • Bird flu

    An infection of the nose, throat and lungs caused by a virus. Bird flu also is called avian flu or avian influenza.

  • Birthmark

    An area of skin that differs from the surrounding skin. It's sometimes present when a baby is born or develops soon after.

  • Black eye

    A condition caused by bleeding under the skin around the eye, which often happens after an injury.

  • Black hairy tongue

    A temporary condition in which the tongue appears dark and furry.

  • Blackheads

    An open pore clogged with oil, which has turned dark when exposed to the air.

  • Blackout

    Temporary loss of vision and consciousness.

  • Bladder cancer

    Cancer that begins in the bladder.

  • Bleeding

    The release of blood from a broken blood vessel, either inside or outside the body.

  • Bleeding gums

    Inflamed, irritated gums that bleed easily.

  • Blepharitis

    Swelling and irritation of the eyelid that affects the eyelashes or tear production.

  • Blighted ovum

    Occurs when a gestational sac develops without an embryo.

  • Blindness

    Complete or partial loss of vision.

  • Blister

    An area of skin covered by a raised, fluid-filled bubble.

  • Bloating

    A buildup of gas in the stomach and intestines.

  • Blood blister

    A bump on the skin that's filled with blood.

  • Blood in stool

    Blood can appear with bowel movements because of hard stools, constipation, hemorrhoids, digestive conditions or colon cancer.

  • Bloodborne disease

    Any disease that spreads through contact with human blood.

  • Blueberry muffin syndrome

    Blue-red marks on a baby's skin that can be caused by blood disorders, a tumor or an infection that spreads to the baby before birth.

  • Blurred vision

    Decreased clarity or sharpness in vision.

  • Body dysmorphic disorder

    A mental illness involving obsessive focus on a perceived flaw in appearance.

  • Body lice

    Tiny insects that live in clothes and bedding and travel to the skin to feed on blood.

  • Body odor

    Odor caused by the mix of sweat and bacteria on the skin.

  • Bone disease

    Any condition or disease that affects the bones.

  • Bone fracture

    A complete or partial break in a bone.

  • Bone loss

    When the body doesn't replace bone as fast as it breaks bone down.

  • Bone metastasis

    A condition that occurs when cancer cells spread from their original site to a bone.

  • Bone spur

    A bony growth that forms on the edge of a bone.

  • Bone tumor

    A growth of cells that starts in a bone. Bone tumors may be cancer or not cancer.

  • Borderline personality disorder

    A mental disorder marked by emotional instability and severely distorted self-image.

  • Boredom

    The state of feeling disinterested in one's surroundings, having nothing to do, or feeling that life is dull.

  • Botulism

    A rare condition in which a toxin from Clostridium botulinum bacteria attacks the nerves.

  • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

    A brain disorder in adult cattle that may be spread to humans through diseased meat.

  • Bradycardia

    A slowed heartbeat. The heart beats less than 60 times a minute.

  • Brain damage

    The destruction or deterioration of brain cells.

  • Brain death

    A condition in which there's no measurable activity in the brain and brainstem.

  • Brain hemorrhage

    An emergency condition in which a ruptured blood vessel causes bleeding in the brain.

  • Brain tumor

    A cancerous or noncancerous growth of cells in or near the brain.

  • Breast cancer

    A cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts.

  • Breast cyst

    A fluid-filled sac in the breast that most often isn't cancer.

  • Breast lump

    A growth that forms within the breast tissue.

  • Breast pain

    Various types of discomfort in the breast tissue, often due to a condition that is not breast cancer.

  • Broken collarbone (clavicle fracture)

    A break in the bone connecting the breastbone and shoulder. This also is known as a clavicle fracture.

  • Broken nose

    A broken bone in the nose. This also is called a nasal fracture.

  • Bronchiectasis

    A condition in which the lungs' airways become damaged, making it hard to clear mucus.

  • Bronchiolitis

    An inflammatory bronchial reaction in young children and infants.

  • Bronchitis

    Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs.

  • Brucellosis

    An illness caused by infection with bacteria and spread from animals to people, mostly through raw dairy products.

  • Brugada syndrome

    A potentially life-threatening heart rhythm disorder.

  • Bruise

    Blood or bleeding under the skin due to trauma of any kind; typically black and blue at first, with color changes as healing progresses.

  • Bruxism

    Grinding, clenching, or gnashing of the teeth.

  • Bubonic plague

    A rare but serious infection caused by bacteria found in small animals and their fleas.

  • Bulimia nervosa

    A serious eating disorder marked by binging, followed by methods to avoid weight gain.

  • Bullous pemphigoid

    A rare skin condition causing large, fluid-filled blisters.

  • Bunions

    A bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe.

  • Burkitt's lymphoma

    A fast-growing cancer of the body's germ- and disease-fighting system, also called the lymphatic system.

  • Burn

    Damage to the skin or deeper tissues caused by sun, fire, electricity, or chemicals.

  • Burning feet syndrome

    The sensation of painful, burning feet.

  • Burning mouth syndrome

    Ongoing or recurrent burning in the mouth with no obvious cause.

  • Bursitis

    Painful swelling of the fluid-filled pads, called bursae, that act as cushions at the joints.

  • Buruli ulcer

    A bacterial infection of the skin and soft tissue.

  • Cachexia

    A general state of ill health involving great weight loss and muscle loss.

  • Callus

    Thickened layers of skin, often on the hands or feet.

  • Candidiasis

    A fungal infection typically on the skin or mucous membranes caused by candida.

  • Canker sore

    A small, shallow sore inside the mouth or at the base of the gums.

  • Carbon monoxide poisoning

    An illness caused by breathing in too much of this deadly gas.

  • Carbuncle

    A group of pus-filled bumps forming a connected area of infection under the skin.

  • Carcinoid

    A slow-growing cancer that can start in different places in the body.

  • Carcinoid tumor

    A slow-growing cancer that can start in different places in the body.

  • Carcinoma

    A cancer developing from cells that line the skin or inner organs, called epithelial cells.

  • Cardiac arrhythmia

    Improper beating of the heart, whether too fast, too slow or erratic.

  • Cardiac tamponade

    Pressure on the heart caused by fluid collecting in the sac that surrounds the heart.

  • Cardiogenic shock

    A life-threatening condition in which the heart suddenly can't pump enough blood.

  • Cardiomegaly

    An enlarged heart, which is a symptom of another condition, not a disease.

  • Cardiomyopathy

    A disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body.

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome

    A numbness and tingling in the hand and arm caused by a pinched nerve in the wrist.

  • Cat scratch fever

    An illness also called cat scratch disease that is caused by germs that spread through an infected cat's bites or licks.

  • Cataract

    Clouding of the lens of the eye.

  • Catarrh

    A buildup of mucus in the nose, head and throat.

  • Catatonia

    A group of movement abnormalities associated with mental illness.

  • Cauda equina syndrome

    A serious condition in which the nerves at the end of the spinal cord are compressed.

  • Cauliflower ear

    A deformity of the outer ear that may occur after injury to the ear.

  • Celiac Disease

    An immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye.

  • Cellulite

    Lumpy, dimpled flesh on thighs, hips, buttocks, and belly.

  • Cellulitis

    A common and sometimes serious bacterial skin infection.

  • Cerebral edema

    Swelling of the brain.

  • Cerebral palsy

    A disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture.

  • Cervical cancer

    Cancer of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus connected to the vagina.

  • Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

    The growth of cells in the cervix that look different from typical cells.

  • Cervicitis

    Swelling of the cervix, the lower end of the womb that opens into the vagina.

  • Chagas disease

    An illness caused by infection with a parasite spread by the triatomine bug.

  • Chalazion

    A slow-growing, inflammatory lump in the tear gland of the eyelid.

  • Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorder

    A group of hereditary disorders that damage the nerves in the arms and legs.

  • Charley horse

    A sudden, unexpected tightening of one or more muscles, often in the legs. A charley horse is another name for a muscle cramp.

  • Cheilitis

    Dry, cracked lips.

  • Chemical burn

    Damage to the skin and deeper tissues caused by chemical contact.

  • Cherry angioma

    A common, noncancerous skin growth.

  • Chest infection

    An infection of the lungs or the airways that connect the windpipe to the lungs.

  • Chest pain

    Pain in the chest that can have various causes. Chest pain should be checked by a healthcare professional right away.

  • Chickenpox

    A childhood infection causing an itchy, blister-like rash that can be prevented by a vaccine.

  • Chikungunya

    A viral infection from a mosquito bite.

  • Chilblains

    Skin sores or bumps that happen after exposure to very cold temperatures.

  • Childhood obesity

    A serious health condition that involves having excess body fat early in life.

  • Chills

    The feeling of being cold, even when not in a cold environment, often with shivering.

  • Chlamydia infection

    An illness caused by infection with bacteria and spread mainly by contact with genitals or body fluids.

  • Choking

    When a person can't breathe due to a blocked airway.

  • Cholangiocarcinoma

    A cancer in the slender tubes that carry the digestive fluid bile through the liver.

  • Cholangitis

    A disease of the common bile duct.

  • Cholecystitis

    Inflammation of the gallbladder — a small, digestive organ beneath the liver.

  • Cholera

    An illness caused by infection with bacteria and often spread through contaminated water.

  • Cholestasis

    Any condition in which the flow of bile from the liver stops or slows.

  • Cholesteatoma

    A cyst in the middle ear.

  • Chondromalacia patellae

    Damage to the cartilage under the kneecap.

  • Choriocarcinoma

    A type of cancer of the uterus that spreads rapidly.

  • Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

    A condition that causes increasing weakness in the legs and arms.

  • Chronic kidney disease

    The gradual loss of the kidneys' ability to work.

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

    A type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow.

  • Chronic myelogenous leukemia

    A slow-growing, rare type of blood cell cancer that begins in bone marrow.

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

    A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.

  • Chronic pain

    Persistent pain that lasts weeks to years.

  • Chronic pancreatitis

    Long-term inflammation of the pancreas.

  • Chronic venous insufficiency

    A long-term condition in which leg veins have trouble returning blood to the heart.

  • Cirrhosis

    Scarring of the liver caused by a liver disease or condition.

  • Claudication

    Leg or arm pain from a lack of blood flow to the muscles. Usually starts during exercise and ends with rest. Often due to peripheral artery disease.

  • Cleft palate

    Openings or splits in the roof of the mouth.

  • Clostridioides difficile colitis

    Inflammation of the colon caused by the bacteria Clostridioides difficile.

  • Club foot

    A common birth defect in which the foot is twisted out of shape or position.

  • Cluster headaches

    A rare condition in which headaches occur in patterns or clusters.

  • Coagulopathy

    A condition in which the blood doesn't clot as it should.

  • Coarctation of the aorta

    A narrowing of the body's main artery that's often present at birth.

  • Coccidioidomycosis

    An infection, also called valley fever, caused by coccidioides fungi.

  • Coccydynia

    Pain in or around the bony structure at the bottom of the spine, called the tailbone or coccyx.

  • Colitis

    Inflammation of the large intestine.

  • Colles fracture

    A common break of the wrist.

  • Color blindness

    A reduced ability to tell the difference between certain colors.

  • Colorectal cancer

    A cancer of the colon or rectum, which may begin as noncancerous polyps.

  • Coma

    A period of prolonged unconsciousness brought on by illness or injury.

  • Comedo

    A skin pore clogged with oil, dead skin cells and bacteria, usually on the face, neck, chest, back or shoulders.

  • Common cold

    An infection of the nose and throat caused by a virus.

  • Community-acquired pneumonia

    A common type of pneumonia that occurs outside of health care facilities.

  • Compartment syndrome

    A condition caused by too much pressure in the tissue compartments that separate muscle groups.

  • Complex regional pain syndrome

    Chronic arm or leg pain developing after injury, surgery, stroke, or heart attack.

  • Compulsive behavior

    Thoughts, urges, or behaviors that persist despite negatively affecting health, job, or relationships.

  • Compulsive hoarding

    A persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions because of a perceived need to save them.

  • Concussion

    Brain injury caused by a blow to the head or a violent shaking of the head and body.

  • Conduct disorder

    A group of emotional and behavioral conditions in children and teens.

  • Conductive hearing loss

    Trouble hearing that happens when sound can't fully reach the inner ear.

  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

    A group of conditions passed from parent to child that limits the making of hormones in the adrenal glands.

  • Congenital heart defects in children

    One or more changes with the structure of the heart that a child is born with.

  • Congenital rubella syndrome

    A condition that occurs in a baby whose mother is infected with the rubella virus.

  • Conjoined twins

    Two babies born physically connected to each other.

  • Conjunctivitis

    Inflammation or infection of the inner eyelid and the white part of the eye.

  • Connective tissue disease

    A group of conditions involving the connective tissue.

  • Constipation

    Infrequent bowel movements, and small, hard-to-pass, stool.

  • Contact dermatitis

    A skin rash caused by contact with a substance.

  • Contractions

    Tightening of uterine muscles during pregnancy, often referring to contractions during childbirth.

  • Conversion disorder

    A condition in which emotional stress is converted to physical symptoms.

  • Convulsion

    A loss of consciousness accompanied by violent muscle contractions.

  • Corn

    Corns are thick, hardened layers of skin caused by friction and pressure.

  • Corneal abrasion

    A scratch or cut on the clear protective covering at the front of the eye, called the cornea.

  • Coronary artery disease

    A type of heart disease that affects the main heart arteries. It causes reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

    A coronavirus that spreads from person to person and causes illness.

  • Corticobasal degeneration (corticobasal syndrome)

    A rare disease in which protein builds up in the brain causing nerve cell death. Often presents through symptoms called corticobasal syndrome.

  • Costochondritis

    An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the breastbone.

  • Cough

    A sudden, forceful hacking sound to release air and clear an irritation in the throat or airway.

  • Cradle cap

    Crusting and white or yellow scales on a baby's scalp.

  • Cramp

    A painful, involuntary contraction of a muscle.

  • Craniosynostosis

    A birth condition in which 1 or more joints in a baby's skull close too soon.

  • Crepitus

    Crackling or grating sound caused by joint surfaces rubbing against each other.

  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

    A degenerative brain disorder that leads to dementia and death.

  • Crohn's disease

    A type of inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.

  • Croup

    An upper airway infection that blocks breathing and has a distinctive barking cough.

  • Crying

    Shedding tears in response to certain emotions or pain.

  • Cryptorchidism

    A testicle that hasn't moved into the bag of skin below the penis before birth.

  • Cushing syndrome

    Cushing syndrome happens when, over time, the body has too much of the hormone cortisol.

  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis

    A skin disease caused by infection with a parasite that is spread through the bite of infected sand flies.

  • Cyanosis

    Blue or gray color of the skin, nails, lips, tongue or gums

  • Cyclothymia

    A mood disorder that causes emotional highs and lows.

  • Cyst

    A usually noncancerous growth filled with liquid or a semisolid substance, sometimes causing pain.

  • Cystic fibrosis

    An inherited life-threatening disorder that damages the lungs and digestive system.

  • Cysticercosis

    A tapeworm infection that forms cysts in the brain, muscle and other tissues.

  • Cystocele

    A condition in which the bladder drops from its usual position in the pelvis and pushes on the front wall of the vagina.

  • Dairy allergy

    An irregular immune system response to milk and milk products.

  • Dandy-Walker syndrome

    A congenital brain condition affecting the part of the brain controlling movement.

  • De Quervain syndrome

    A painful condition affecting the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist.

  • Deafness

    Complete or almost-complete loss of hearing.

  • Deep vein thrombosis

    A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs.

  • Deformity

    Distortion or disfigurement of any part of the body.

  • Degenerative changes in the spine: Is this arthritis?

    Osteoarthritis of the spine, usually in the neck or lower back.

  • Dehydration

    A significant loss of body fluid that impairs normal body functions.

  • Delirium

    Serious disturbance in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and reduced awareness of surroundings.

  • Delirium tremens

    Severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms such as shaking, confusion, and hallucinations.

  • Delusion

    A belief or altered reality that is persistently held despite evidence or agreement to the contrary, generally in reference to a mental disorder.

  • Delusional parasitosis

    An unexplained skin disorder that produces crawling sensations and skin sores.

  • Dementia

    A group of thinking and social symptoms that interferes with daily functioning.

  • Demyelinating disease

    Any condition that damages the sheath that protects the brain and spinal nerves.

  • Dengue fever

    A condition spread by infected mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical parts of the world.

  • Dental abscess

    A pocket of pus in a tooth caused by an infection.

  • Dental caries

    Permanently damaged areas in teeth that develop into tiny holes (cavities).

  • Dental plaque

    A sticky film that coats teeth and contains bacteria.

  • Depersonalization

    The persistent feeling of observing oneself from outside one’s body or having a sense that one’s surroundings aren't real.

  • Depression

    A persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.

  • Dermatitis

    Inflammation of the skin with many causes and forms, often causing itching and a rash.

  • Dermatitis herpetiformis

    A very itchy skin rash made up of bumps and blisters.

  • Dermatographic urticaria

    A condition where lightly scratching the skin causes raised lines that look like hives.

  • Dermatomyositis

    An inflammatory disease marked by muscle weakness and skin rash.

  • Dermoid cyst

    A small, noncancerous lump in the skin, often near the eye, present at birth. This type of lump is also called a cyst.

  • Developmental coordination disorder

    A childhood developmental disorder marked by clumsiness in otherwise healthy kids.

  • DiGeorge syndrome

    A disorder caused by a defect in chromosome 22.

  • Diabetes insipidus

    A condition that causes the body to make large amounts of urine and can lead to great thirst.

  • Diabetes mellitus

    A group of diseases that can cause high blood sugar.

  • Diabetic foot ulcer

    A diabetic foot ulcer is an open sore or wound on the foot in people who have diabetes.

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis

    A serious diabetes complication in which the body makes too much of the blood acids called ketones.

  • Diabetic neuropathy

    A type of nerve damage that can happen with diabetes.

  • Diabetic retinopathy

    A complication of diabetes that affects the eyes.

  • Diarrhea

    Passing of loose, watery stool that may happen often and with a sense of urgency.

  • Diarrhea

    The passing of loose, watery stool that may happen often and with a sense of urgency.

  • Diastasis recti

    A condition in which the two large muscles in the abdomen pull apart, often during pregnancy.

  • Diastolic heart failure

    A type of left-sided heart failure; also called heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

  • Dieting

    Choosing types and amounts of food and drink to lose or gain weight or to keep weight steady.

  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

    A fast-growing, common cancer of the body's germ- and disease-fighting system, called the lymphatic system.

  • Dilated cardiomyopathy

    A type of heart muscle disease that causes the heart chambers to thin and stretch, growing larger.

  • Diphtheria

    An illness caused by bacteria infecting the nose and throat or the skin that can most often be prevented with a vaccine.

  • Diplopia

    Seeing two images of an object, also known as double vision.

  • Dislocated shoulder

    An injury in which the upper arm bone comes out of the shoulder blade socket.

  • Dislocation of hip

    An injury in which the hip joint is moved out of place.

  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation

    Condition that causes blood to clot throughout the body's blood vessels.

  • Dissociation

    Disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions, and identity.

  • Dissociative identity disorder

    A disorder characterized by the presence of 2 or more distinct personality states.

  • Distal radius fracture

    A common condition in which one of the long bones near the wrist breaks.

  • Diverticulitis

    A painful swelling or infection in one or more small pouches in the digestive tract.

  • Diverticulosis

    A condition in which small, bulging pouches develop in the digestive tract.

  • Diverticulum

    A sac that develops in the lining of the bowel or bladder.

  • Dizziness

    A range of sensations that can include feeling faint, woozy, weak, unsteady or a sense of spinning.

  • Dog attack

    Bites from a pet or wild dog.

  • Down syndrome

    A genetic chromosome 21 disorder causing developmental and intellectual delays.

  • Dracunculiasis

    An infection from a parasite that happens in parts of Africa that don't have safe water.

  • Drooling

    The flow of saliva outside the mouth.

  • Drowning

    Death caused by suffocation when water or other liquid fills the lungs.

  • Drug withdrawal

    Physical and mental symptoms that occur after stopping or reducing intake of a drug.

  • Dryness

    Decreased moisture in the body.

  • Duchenne muscular dystrophy

    The most common type of muscular dystrophy, which is a genetic condition that becomes worse over time.

  • Ductal carcinoma

    A type of breast cancer that starts in a milk duct of the breast.

  • Dupuytren contracture

    A gradual thickening and tightening of tissue under the skin in the hand.

  • Dwarfism

    Short height that results from a genetic or medical condition.

  • Dysarthria

    Weakness in the muscles used for speech, which often causes slowed or slurred speech.

  • Dysautonomia

    A dysfunction of the nerves that regulate nonvoluntary body functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating.

  • Dysentery

    An infection of the intestines that causes bloody diarrhea.

  • Dysgeusia

    An altered or impaired sense of taste.

  • Dyshidrosis

    A condition in which tiny, fluid-filled blisters appear on the palms and fingers.

  • Dyshidrotic eczema

    A condition in which tiny, fluid-filled blisters appear on the palms and fingers.

  • Dyskinesia

    Uncontrolled, involuntary muscle movement.

  • Dyslexia

    A learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading.

  • Dyslipidemia

    An imbalance of lipids and lipoproteins in the blood.

  • Dysmenorrhea

    The medical name for menstrual cramps, which are throbbing or cramping pains in the lower stomach area.

  • Dyspareunia

    Genital pain that happens just before, during or after sex.

  • Dysphagia

    Trouble swallowing food or liquid that is caused by changes in the throat or esophagus and ranges from mild difficulty to complete, painful blockage.

  • Dysphasia

    Difficulty speaking or using words properly.

  • Dysphonia

    This change in how the voice sounds affects the ability to speak or sing.

  • Dysphoria

    A state of feeling uneasy, unhappy, or unwell.

  • Dyspnea

    Shortness of breath.

  • Dysthymia

    A mild but long-term form of depression.

  • Dystonia

    Involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive or twisting movements.

  • Dysuria

    The medical term for pain while passing urine, which can have many treatable causes.

  • Ear pain

    Pain in the inner or outer ear that might decrease hearing, often caused by fluid buildup and infection.

  • Ebola

    An infection caused by Ebola virus strains.

  • Ecchymosis

    A large, blue or purple bruise under the skin that changes color over time before fading.

  • Eclampsia

    Seizures and coma that happen during pregnancy or soon after childbirth.

  • Ectopic pregnancy

    A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.

  • Edema

    Extra fluid trapped in soft tissue, often in the legs and feet.

  • Edwards syndrome

    A condition that causes severe developmental delays due to an extra chromosome 18.

  • Egg allergy

    A common allergy in which the body reacts to the eating of eggs.

  • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

    A group of illnesses passed from parent to child that mostly affect the skin, joints and blood vessels.

  • Elbow pain

    Physical discomfort in the elbow joint, or in the muscles, tendons and ligaments supporting it.

  • Electric shock

    Injury to the body from direct contact with a high-voltage source.

  • Elephantiasis

    Hardening and thickening of the skin caused by a disease that is spread through the bites of infected mosquitoes.

  • Emaciation

    The state of being excessively thin and wasting of the body.

  • Embolic stroke

    A blockage of blood supply to part of the brain caused by a clot or debris (embolus).

  • Embolism

    A sudden blockage of an artery by a blood clot or other mass.

  • Encephalitis

    Inflammation of the brain, often due to infection.

  • Encephalopathy

    A broad term for any brain disease that alters brain function or structure.

  • Encopresis

    A condition in which a child avoids passing stool, causing stool to collect in the colon and rectum and leading to leakage.

  • Endocarditis

    Irritation and swelling of the inner lining of the heart's chambers and valves. Usually caused by infection.

  • Endometrial cancer

    A type of cancer that begins in the lining of the womb. The womb also is called the uterus.

  • Endometrial polyp

    A growth on the inner wall of the uterus that's most often not cancer.

  • Endometriosis

    A disorder in which tissue similar to the tissue that lines the uterus grows outside the uterus in places where it doesn't belong.

  • Enuresis

    Loss of bladder control.

  • Eosinophilia

    A higher than usual level of disease-fighting white blood cells called eosinophils.

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis

    Inflammation of or injury to the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach, called the esophagus.

  • Ephelides

    Clusters of pigment cells in the skin, also known as freckles.

  • Epidermoid cyst

    A small, noncancerous small lump in the skin. This type of lump is also called a cyst.

  • Epidermolysis bullosa

    A group of conditions in which injury, heat, or friction makes the skin blister.

  • Epididymitis

    Swelling of the tube at the back of a testicle that stores and carries sperm.

  • Epidural hematoma

    An accumulation of blood between the skull and brain.

  • Epiglottitis

    A dangerous condition that happens when the small flap that covers the windpipe swells and blocks airflow into the lungs.

  • Epilepsy

    A disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures.

  • Erectile dysfunction

    Not being able to get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual activity.

  • Eructation

    Excess gas in the stomach or upper intestine released from the mouth, also known as burping or belching.

  • Erysipelas

    A skin infection that occurs mainly on the face and legs.

  • Erythema

    Inflamed skin, either in a small area or over the whole body.

  • Erythema multiforme minor

    A skin condition mostly due to an infection.

  • Erythema nodosum

    A painful disorder characterized by tender bumps (nodules) under the skin.

  • Erythrophobia

    Fear of the color red, often accompanied by fear of blood or blushing.

  • Eschar

    Dead tissue that over time sloughs off healthy skin after an injury.

  • Esophageal cancer

    Cancer of the tube that runs from the throat to the stomach, called the esophagus.

  • Esophageal varices

    Irregular veins in the lower part of the tube running from the throat to the stomach, called the esophagus.

  • Esophagitis

    Inflammation that damages the tube running from the throat to the stomach, called the esophagus.

  • Essential tremor

    A nervous system disorder that causes rhythmic shaking.

  • Euphoria

    An extreme, unrealistic feeling of physical and emotional well-being, feeling "high."

  • Ewing sarcoma

    A cancer that most often occurs in and around the bones.

  • Exanthem

    A widely spread out rash.

  • Exophthalmos

    Bulging of the eyes, which causes one or both eyes to push forward from the eye sockets.

  • Exudate

    Fluid that leaks from wounds as part of the healing process.

  • Eye pain

    Physical discomfort in the eye's surface or deep within the eye, ranging from a slight irritation to serious pain.

  • Eye twitching

    Spasms of the eyelid muscles that are not voluntary.

  • Factor V Leiden

    An inherited blood-clotting disorder due to a change in of the blood's factor V protein.

  • False pregnancy

    A condition in which a woman who isn't pregnant believes that she is.

  • Farsighted

    A vision condition in which objects far away are seen more clearly than objects that are close.

  • Fasciculation

    Involuntary twitching of voluntary muscles.

  • Fatigue

    A feeling of extreme tiredness that involves a lack of energy and little ability to do everyday things.

  • Fatty liver disease

    An increased buildup of fat in the liver.

  • Fear

    An unpleasant feeling triggered by the perception of danger, real or imagined.

  • Febrile seizure

    Convulsion in a child that may be caused by a spike in body temperature (fever).

  • Fecal impaction

    Hardened stool that's stuck in the rectum or lower colon due to chronic constipation.

  • Fetal alcohol syndrome

    Physical and mental damage in a child due to alcohol exposure while in the womb.

  • Fever

    A short-term rise in body temperature that's often caused by an infection.

  • Fever of unknown origin

    A fever without a known cause that that lasts a long time.

  • Fibroadenoma

    A solid breast lump that isn't cancer that can be found in anyone who has periods.

  • Fibrocystic breast disease

    An older term for fibrocystic breasts, which are composed of tissue that feels lumpy or ropelike.

  • Fibroma

    A noncancerous tumor made up of fibrous or connective tissue.

  • Fibromyalgia

    Widespread pain along with symptoms such as fatigue.

  • Fibrosis

    A formation of fibrous tissues.

  • Fibrosis

    The overgrowth of hardened or scarred connective tissue.

  • Fifth disease

    A rash illness that is caused by a virus.

  • Filariasis

    Illness caused by infection with a parasite called a filarial worm.

  • First trimester pregnancy

    The first three months of pregnancy.

  • Fissure of nipple

    A dry, sore, irritated, or cracked nipple.

  • Fistula

    When a connection forms between organs.

  • Flaccid paralysis

    Loose and floppy limbs.

  • Flatfeet

    A condition in which the entire sole of the foot touches the floor when standing.

  • Flatulence

    Intestinal gas that's passed from the anus.

  • Floaters

    Spots in vision that look like black or gray specks or strings that drift across the eyes.

  • Flushed skin

    Reddening of the skin.

  • Follicular lymphoma

    A slow-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

  • Folliculitis

    Infection of 1 or more of the pockets from which hair grows. These pockets are called follicles.

  • Food allergy

    An unpleasant or dangerous immune system reaction after a certain food is eaten.

  • Food craving

    An intense desire for certain foods or flavors.

  • Food intolerance

    Digestive problems that happen after a certain food is eaten.

  • Food poisoning

    A sickness that people get from something they ate or drank.

  • Foodborne trematodiases

    Parasitic worm infections that cause serious liver and lung disease.

  • Foot drop

    A general term for difficulty lifting the front part of the foot, sometimes called drop foot.

  • Foot pain

    Physical discomfort in the foot.

  • Fragile X syndrome

    A genetic condition causing intellectual disability.

  • Frequent urination

    The need to pass urine many times during the day, the night or both.

  • Frey's syndrome

    Sweating and flushing of a patch of skin near one ear caused by eating.

  • Frostbite

    Frostbite definition

  • Furuncle

    A painful, pus-filled bump under the skin caused by infected, inflamed hair follicles.

  • G6PD deficiency

    A condition causing red blood cells to break down during stress or infection.

  • Galactosemia

    A condition in which the body can't use a simple sugar to produce energy.

  • Gallbladder disease

    Conditions affecting the gallbladder, a small organ that helps digestion.

  • Gallstone

    A hardened deposit of fluid in the gallbladder, a small organ under the liver.

  • Ganglion cyst

    A noncancerous lump, often on the tendons or joints of the wrists and hands.

  • Gangrene

    Death of body tissue caused by an infection or lack of blood flow.

  • Gastric dumping syndrome

    Symptoms that happen when stomach contents move into the small bowel before being digested.

  • Gastritis

    Any of a group of conditions in which the stomach lining is inflamed.

  • Gastroenteritis

    An illness of the stomach and the intestines.

  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease

    Digestive condition in which stomach acid or bile irritates the lining of the food pipe, called the esophagus.

  • Gastrointestinal perforation

    A condition in which a hole forms in a digestive organ or tract.

  • Gastrointestinal stroma tumor

    A digestive tract cancer that most often occurs in the stomach or small intestine.

  • Gastroparesis

    A condition that affects the stomach muscles and prevents proper stomach emptying.

  • Gastroschisis

    A condition in which a newborn's intestines stick out of the belly at birth.

  • Gaucher disease

    An inherited condition in which an enzyme that breaks down fatty substances doesn't work properly.

  • Generalized anxiety disorder

    Severe, ongoing anxiety that interferes with daily activities.

  • Genital herpes

    A common sexually transmitted infection that often spreads by skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity.

  • Genital wart

    A small bump caused by a virus and spread through contact with genitals or body fluids.

  • Genu varum

    A condition in which the knees bow apart even when standing with feet and ankles together, also known as bowlegs.

  • Geographic tongue

    A condition that causes harmless tongue patches resembling smooth, red islands.

  • Gestational diabetes

    A condition that causes high blood sugar during pregnancy.

  • Giardia

    An infection of the intestines that is caused by a parasite.

  • Gigantism

    A rare condition that causes irregular growth and other symptoms in children.

  • Gilbert syndrome

    A mild condition in which the liver doesn't properly process bilirubin.

  • Gingivitis

    A form of gum disease that causes inflamed gums.

  • Glaucoma

    A group of eye conditions that can cause blindness.

  • Glioblastoma multiforme

    A type of cancer that starts in the brain or spine.

  • Glioma

    A growth of cells that starts in the brain or spinal cord.

  • Globus pharyngeus

    The feeling of having a lump or ball in the throat.

  • Glomerulonephritis

    Inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys that remove waste from blood.

  • Glossitis

    A condition in which the tongue swells, changes color, and looks smooth.

  • Glossodynia

    Ongoing or recurrent burning in the mouth with no obvious cause.

  • Gluten sensitivity

    Sensitivity to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye.

  • Goiter

    A goiter is the irregular growth of the thyroid gland.

  • Golfer's elbow

    A condition that causes pain on the inner side of the elbow.

  • Gonorrhea

    An illness caused by infection with bacteria and spread mainly by contact with genitals or body fluids.

  • Gout

    A form of arthritis that causes severe pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in joints.

  • Graft vs host disease

    A condition that happens when immune cells from a donor stem cell transplant attack the host.

  • Grand mal seizure

    A seizure that involves a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions.

  • Granuloma

    A small area of inflammation in tissue.

  • Granuloma annulare

    Inflamed or skin-colored bumps in a ring pattern. They often arise on the hands and feet.

  • Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

    A rare disease that causes swelling, also called inflammation, of small blood vessels.

  • Graves' disease

    A disorder of the immune system that causes the thyroid gland to make too much thyroid hormone.

  • Group A streptococcal infection

    Sickness caused by certain species of streptococci bacteria, also called group A strep.

  • Group B streptococcal infection

    A term used for sickness caused by certain species of streptococci bacteria, also called group B strep.

  • Growing pains

    Soreness in a child's legs that often occurs at night.

  • Guillain-Barre syndrome

    A condition in which the immune system attacks the nerves.

  • Guilt

    Feeling responsible or regretful for a perceived offense, real or imaginary.

  • Guttate psoriasis

    A skin condition of tiny, drop-shaped sores on trunk, arms, or legs.

  • Gynecomastia

    A larger amount of breast gland tissue than usual in men.

  • HELLP syndrome

    A serious complication of high blood pressure during pregnancy.

  • HIV/AIDS

    HIV infection is a long-term condition caused by a virus that also can cause a life-threatening disease called AIDS.

  • Hair loss

    Progressive loss of hair from the scalp beyond usual hair loss of less than 100 hair strands a day.

  • Halitosis

    A persistent, unpleasant odor in exhaled breath, usually not serious, commonly called bad breath.

  • Hallucination

    A perception of having seen, heard, touched, tasted, or smelled something that wasn't actually there.

  • Hamartoma

    A noncancerous tumorlike growth.

  • Hammertoe

    A foot condition in which the toe has a bend that is not usual in the middle joint.

  • Hand, foot and mouth disease

    A common children's virus that causes sores in the mouth and a rash on the hands and feet.

  • Hangover

    Unpleasant symptoms that occur after excessive alcohol intake.

  • Hantavirus

    A group of virus strains spread through contact with rodents that causes serious bleeding or breathing issues.

  • Harlequin-type ichthyosis

    A condition in which a newborn has hard, thick skin in diamond patterns.

  • Hashimoto's disease

    A disorder that happens when the immune system attacks the thyroid gland.

  • Head and neck cancer

    A group of cancers of the mouth, sinuses, nose, or throat.

  • Head lice infestation

    The presence of lice in the hair on the head.

  • Headache

    A painful sensation in any part of the head, ranging from sharp to dull, that may occur with other symptoms.

  • Hearing loss

    Trouble hearing in one or both ears that can get worse over time.

  • Heart failure

    A long-term condition in which the heart doesn't pump blood as well as it should.

  • Heart murmur

    Sounds such as whooshing made by fast, choppy blood flow through the heart. Some murmurs are harmless. Others are a sign of a serious heart condition.

  • Heart valve disease

    A condition in which one or more heart valves do not work properly.

  • Heartburn

    Burning pain or discomfort in the upper chest and midchest, possibly involving the neck and throat, that may get worse when lying down.

  • Heel pain

    Soreness on the back or underside of the heel that may make walking uncomfortable or very hard.

  • Heel spur

    A bony growth that forms around the heel bone, rarely causing pain.

  • Hemangioma

    A birthmark often appearing as a rubbery, bright red nodule of extra blood vessels.

  • Hematemesis

    Vomiting blood.

  • Hematochezia

    Bright red blood in the stool or with bowel movements.

  • Hematoma

    A pool of blood outside the blood vessels.

  • Hematospermia

    Blood in semen.

  • Hematuria

    Blood in the urine can be harmless. Or it can be a symptom of a serious illness.

  • Hemiparesis

    Muscle weakness or partial paralysis on one side of the body that can affect the arms, legs, and facial muscles.

  • Hemolysis

    The breakdown of red blood cells sooner than is typical.

  • Hemolytic anemia

    A condition in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body makes them.

  • Hemolytic disease of the newborn

    A condition in which a newborn's blood is damaged by antibodies from the mother.

  • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

    A condition in which a buildup of white blood cells harms the liver and spleen.

  • Hemophilia

    A condition in which blood doesn't clot in the typical way.

  • Hemoptysis

    Coughing up blood, in small amounts mixed with sputum brought up by a forceful cough or large amounts of bright red blood, which is more serious.

  • Hemorrhage

    Internal or external bleeding that may occur anywhere, and depending on the location, may range from a bruise to a life-threatening brain bleed.

  • Hemorrhagic fever

    Any of a group of infectious diseases that affect many of the body's organs and may lower the blood's ability to clot.

  • Hemorrhoids

    Swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause discomfort and bleeding.

  • Henoch-Schönlein purpura

    A disorder causing inflammation and bleeding in the small blood vessels.

  • Hepatic encephalopathy

    The loss of brain functions when a damaged liver doesn't remove toxins from the blood.

  • Hepatitis

    An inflammation of the liver.

  • Hepatitis A

    A highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus.

  • Hepatitis B

    A serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus.

  • Hepatitis C

    An infection caused by a virus that attacks the liver and leads to inflammation.

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma

    The most common form of liver cancer.

  • Hepatomegaly

    An enlarged liver.

  • Hernia

    The bulging of an organ or tissue through an irregular opening, typically in the belly.

  • Herpangina

    A common childhood illness that causes painful sores in the mouth and throat.

  • Herpes labialis

    Infection with the herpes simplex virus around the border of the lips.

  • Herpes simplex

    A virus that spreads from person to person, most often causing sores around the mouth or genitals.

  • Herpes zoster

    A viral infection that causes a painful rash, also called shingles.

  • Heterochromia iridum

    A condition in which the colored part of the eye, called the iris, is multicolored or a different color between the two eyes.

  • Hiatal hernia

    A condition in which part of the stomach pushes up through the large muscle that separates the abdomen and the chest, called the diaphragm.

  • Hiccups

    Involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, usually short-lived and not a sign of something serious.

  • Hidradenitis suppurativa

    A chronic skin condition featuring lumps in places such as the armpits or groin.

  • Hip dislocation

    An injury that causes the hipbone to move out of place.

  • Hip fracture

    A break in the upper quarter of the thighbone, near the hip joint.

  • Hip pain

    Pain on the inside or outside the hip, which can be caused by arthritis, injuries or other health problems.

  • Hip tendinitis

    Swelling of the tissues, called tendons, that connect muscle to the bone in the hip joint.

  • Hirschsprung's disease

    A condition that affects part of the large intestine called the colon and causes difficulty passing stool.

  • Hirsutism

    Unwanted male-pattern hair growth on a woman's face, chest, and back.

  • Histrionic personality disorder

    A chronic mental condition that affects thinking, perceiving, and relating to others.

  • Hives

    Welts on the skin triggered by a response to food, medicine, or other irritants.

  • Hodgkin lymphoma

    A cancer that affects the body's germ- and disease-fighting system, also called the lymphatic system.

  • Horner's syndrome

    Symptoms of a disrupted nerve pathway from the brain to the face and eye on one side.

  • Hostility

    Feelings of opposition, unkindness, or unfriendliness toward something or someone.

  • Hot flash

    Sudden feeling of heat, mostly over the face, neck and chest, as well as heavy sweating, most often due to stopping periods

  • Human papillomavirus infection

    An infection caused by a virus that leads to the growth of warts and also may lead to cancer, depending on the strain.

  • Humerus fracture

    A break in the upper arm bone, known as the humerus.

  • Hunger

    The sense of an empty stomach that may prompt increased appetite or craving for food.

  • Huntington's disease

    An inherited condition in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time.

  • Hydatid disease

    A disease, also known as cystic echinococcosis, caused by tapeworm parasites that pass from animals to people.

  • Hydrocele

    A fluid-filled sac around a testicle, often first noticed as swelling of the scrotum.

  • Hydrocephalus

    A buildup of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain.

  • Hydronephrosis

    Swelling in one or both kidneys due to a backup of urine.

  • Hydrops fetalis

    A serious condition in which extra fluid builds up inside a fetus or newborn.

  • Hypercalcemia

    A condition in which the level of calcium in the blood becomes too high.

  • Hypercholesterolemia

    A high level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood.

  • Hyperdontia

    Extra teeth in the mouth.

  • Hyperemesis gravidarum

    A severe type of nausea during pregnancy.

  • Hyperemia

    A higher-than-usual amount of blood in a body part or an organ, which can be due to an increase in blood flow into the area or a blockage out of the area.

  • Hyperglycemia

    High blood sugar levels.

  • Hyperhidrosis

    Heavy sweating that's not always related to heat or exercise.

  • Hyperkalemia

    A high level of the electrolyte potassium in the blood. Potassium is a chemical that helps nerve and muscle cells, including those in the heart, work.

  • Hyperlipidemia

    High levels of fats in the blood called lipids.

  • Hypermobility

    When one or more joints can move through a wider range of motion than is usual.

  • Hypernatremia

    A level of sodium in the blood that is higher than usual.

  • Hyperparathyroidism

    A condition in which one or more of the parathyroid glands in the neck make too much hormone

  • Hyperpigmentation

    Patches or spots on the skin that are darker than surrounding skin.

  • Hyperplasia

    An increase in cell production that is not typical.

  • Hypersexuality

    An obsession with sexual thoughts, urges, or behaviors that may cause distress or that negatively affects health, job, or relationships.

  • Hypersomnia

    Excessive sleepiness or drowsiness.

  • Hypertension

    High blood pressure; generally a blood pressure reading of 130/80 millimeters of mercury or higher.

  • Hypertensive crisis

    Blood pressure of 180/120 millimeters of mercury or higher.

  • Hyperthermia

    A dangerously overheated body, usually in response to prolonged hot, humid weather.

  • Hyperthyroidism

    A condition in which the thyroid gland makes too many hormones.

  • Hypertriglyceridemia

    A high level of a type of fat in the blood called triglycerides.

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

    A disease in which the heart muscle becomes thickened, also called hypertrophied.

  • Hypertrophy

    The enlargement of an organ.

  • Hyperuricemia

  • Hyperventilation

    Rapid or deep breathing.

  • Hypervolemia

    A condition in which too much fluid builds up in the body.

  • Hypocalcemia

    A condition in which the blood has too little calcium.

  • Hypochondriasis

    Obsession with the idea of having a serious but undiagnosed medical condition.

  • Hypoesthesia

    A decreased sense of touch or sensation, also called numbness.

  • Hypoglycemia

    A condition in which the body's blood sugar level goes below the standard range.

  • Hypogonadism

    A condition in which the testes or ovaries don't work properly.

  • Hypokalemia

    A low level of the electrolyte potassium in the blood. Potassium is important to the proper functioning of nerve and muscles cells, particularly heart muscle cells.

  • Hypokinesia

    Slowed or reduced muscle movement.

  • Hyponatremia

    A condition that occurs when the level of sodium in the blood is too low.

  • Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

    A rare congenital heart defect, in which the left side of the heart doesn't develop fully and is too small.

  • Hypospadias

    A condition in which the opening that drains urine is on the underside of the penis.

  • Hypotension

    Low blood pressure.

  • Hypothermia

    When the body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature.

  • Hypothyroidism

    A condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormones.

  • Hypotonia

    Weak muscle tone.

  • Hypovitaminosis D

    A condition in which the body is too low on vitamin D, a nutrient that is important for bones, nerves, muscles and the immune system.

  • Hypovolemia

    A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood, called plasma, is too low.

  • Hypoxemia

    A low level of oxygen in the blood.

  • Hypoxia

    Not having enough oxygen in the blood for the body to function properly.

  • Iatrogenesis

    The unintentional creation of additional problems or complications resulting from medical treatment.

  • Ichthyoses

    A group of skin disorders that cause dry, scaly, or thick skin.

  • Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

    Low levels of the blood cells that prevent bleeding, called platelets.

  • Ileus

    A short-term condition in which the intestine is not able to contract and move waste out of the body.

  • Iliotibial band syndrome

    A painful knee condition often caused by running long distances.

  • Illness-related jaundice

    Yellow tint of the skin due to high levels of a substance called bilirubin. There are many causes, including gallstones, liver disease, and liver or pancreatic cancer.

  • Impetigo

    A highly contagious skin infection that causes red sores on the face.

  • Impingement syndrome

    Shoulder pain caused by connective tissue rubbing on a shoulder bone.

  • Impulsivity

    A problem with emotional or behavioral self-control.

  • Inborn error of metabolism

    A group of conditions in which the body can't properly convert food into energy.

  • Indigestion

    Upper belly discomfort, described as a burning sensation, bloating or gassiness, nausea, or feeling full too quickly after starting to eat.

  • Infant jaundice

    A yellow color to the skin in newborns caused by high bilirubin levels, a condition that must be closely watched.

  • Infarction

    Tissue death from reduced blood supply.

  • Infectious mononucleosis

    A disease caused by a virus that spreads through saliva.

  • Infertility

    Not getting pregnant despite having frequent unprotected sex for one year.

  • Inflammation

    An immune response that causes redness and swelling on or within the body.

  • Inflammatory bowel disease

    Ongoing inflammation of all or part of the intestines.

  • Inflammatory breast cancer

    A form of breast cancer that develops quickly, causing breast swelling and skin changes.

  • Influenza

    A common, sometimes deadly viral infection of the nose, throat and lungs, also called flu.

  • Ingrown hair

    A shaved or tweezed hair that grows back into the skin, causing swelling.

  • Inguinal hernia

    A condition in which soft tissue bulges through a weak point in the abdominal muscles.

  • Insect bites

    The bite of an insect, such as a bee or mosquito, which usually causes mild symptoms.

  • Insomnia

    Persistent problems falling or staying asleep or both.

  • Insulin resistance

    A resistance to the hormone insulin, resulting in increasing blood sugar.

  • Intellectual disability

    Below average intelligence and set of life skills present before age 18.

  • Intermenstrual bleeding

    Menstrual bleeding that happens between periods and can be monthly or random.

  • Internal bleeding

    Bleeding inside the body, particularly in the chest or belly cavities, or into muscles.

  • Interstitial cystitis

    Bladder pain and having to urinate often are common with this condition.

  • Interstitial lung disease

    A group of disorders that cause progressive scarring of lung tissue.

  • Intertrigo

    Inflamed skin, usually in warm, moist areas, such as the groin or between skin folds.

  • Intracranial aneurysm

    A weakness in a blood vessel in the brain that balloons and fills with blood.

  • Intrauterine growth restriction

    A condition in which a baby does not grow as expected during pregnancy.

  • Intussusception

    A condition in which part of the intestine slides into a part of the intestine next to it, much like a telescope.

  • Inverted nipple

    A nipple that's turned inward.

  • Iodine deficiency

    A lack of iodine in the diet.

  • Iron deficiency

    A condition of too little iron in the body.

  • Iron deficiency anemia

    Too few healthy red blood cells due to too little iron in the body.

  • Iron overload

    Too much iron in the body.

  • Irregular menstruation

    Missed, delayed, or inconsistent periods or menstrual bleeding patterns that are out of the ordinary.

  • Irritability

    Feelings of frustration or anger, often over seemingly small matters.

  • Irritable bowel syndrome

    An intestinal condition causing pain in the belly, gas, diarrhea and constipation.

  • Irritant diaper dermatitis

    A patchwork of inflamed skin on a baby's bottom that's known as diaper rash.

  • Ischemia

    Reduced blood flow.

  • Itchy anus

    Intense itching, inflammation, burning or soreness in or around the anus.

  • Japanese encephalitis

    An illness caused by a virus that is spread through the bites of infected mosquitos.

  • Jaundice

    Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by the buildup of bilirubin in the blood.

  • Jaundice

    A yellow tint to the skin or eyes caused by an excess of bilirubin, a substance released when red blood cells break down and the liver fails to process it.

  • Jaw pain

    Physical discomfort in the jaw.

  • Jet lag

    A sleep disorder that can affect those who travel quickly across multiple time zones.

  • Joint dislocation

    An injury where bone joints are forced out of their usual position.

  • Joint pain

    Physical discomfort where two or more bones meet to form a joint. Pain can range from mild to disabling.

  • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

    A form of arthritis that affects children.

  • Kaposi sarcoma

    A cancer that causes lesions in the soft tissues.

  • Kawasaki disease

    A condition that causes swelling and irritation of blood vessels, particularly in the heart.

  • Keloid

    A raised scar after an injury has healed.

  • Keratitis

    Inflammation of the clear tissue on the front of the eye, called the cornea.

  • Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

    Dry eye that occurs when tears don't provide enough moisture.

  • Keratoconus

    A condition in which the clear tissue on the front of the eye, called the cornea, gets thinner and bulges outward.

  • Keratosis pilaris

    A condition that causes rough patches and small, tiny bumps on the skin.

  • Ketoacidosis

    Life-threatening disturbance of metabolism most often seen in uncontrolled diabetes.

  • Kidney pain

    Pain that starts in the pair of organs located in the back below the ribs.

  • Kidney stone

    A small, hard object that forms in the kidney and is often painful when passed.

  • Kleptomania

    An impulse control disorder that results in an irresistible urge to steal.

  • Klinefelter syndrome

    A genetic condition in which a boy is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome.

  • Knee pain

    Pain in or around the knee that can be due to an injury or a medical condition.

  • Kwashiorkor

    Malnutrition caused by a serious lack of protein in the diet.

  • Kyphosis

    An excessive forward rounding of the upper back.

  • Labyrinthitis

    Swelling of the inner ear that can cause problems with hearing and balance.

  • Lactic acidosis

    A condition in which lactic acid builds up in the blood faster than it can be removed.

  • Lactose intolerance

    Not being able to fully digest sugar, called lactose, in dairy products.

  • Laryngitis

    An inflammation of the voice box, which is also known as the larynx. Overuse, irritation or infection can be the cause.

  • Lazy eye

    Decreased vision due to abnormal visual development.

  • Lead poisoning

    A buildup of lead in the body, often over months or years.

  • Learning disorder

    A disorder that affects ability to learn and use academic skills, such as reading and math.

  • Left bundle branch block

    A delay or blockage of electrical signals to the left side of the heart.

  • Left ventricular hypertrophy

    Thickening of the walls of the lower left heart chamber, called the left ventricle.

  • Leg pain

    Physical discomfort in part or all of the leg that can vary in strength.

  • Leiomyoma

    A noncancerous soft tissue tumor that develops from smooth muscle.

  • Leishmaniasis

    A disease caused by a parasite that is spread through the bite of infected sand flies.

  • Leprosy

    A chronic, curable infectious disease mainly causing skin lesions and nerve damage.

  • Leptospirosis

    An illness caused by bacteria that spread to humans through contact with the urine of infected animals.

  • Lesion

    An irregular area of tissue inside or outside the body that may get bigger or change appearance. It may or may not be cancerous.

  • Lethargy

    Ongoing tiredness that reduces energy, being able to do things and being able to focus.

  • Leukemia

    A cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues. It can harm the ability to fight infection.

  • Leukocytosis

  • Leukopenia

  • Leukoplakia

    Thickened, white patches inside the mouth.

  • Leukorrhea

    The medical name for vaginal discharge, a mix of fluid and cells that typically helps keep the vagina healthy and clean.

  • Lichen sclerosus

    A chronic condition that causes patchy, discolored, thin skin. It often affects the genital and anal areas.

  • Lightheadedness

    Feeling dizzy or about to faint.

  • Limp

    An unsteady walk that can be caused by pain, weakness or injury to the leg.

  • Lipoma

    A fatty lump most often between the skin and muscle.

  • Listeriosis

    An illness caused by infection with bacteria and spread through contaminated food.

  • Liver cancer

    Cancer that begins in the cells of the liver.

  • Liver failure

    Loss of liver function.

  • Liver hemangioma

    A noncancerous mass in the liver.

  • Liver pain

    Physical discomfort in the liver, an organ located in the upper right part of the belly.

  • Liver spot

    Flat tan, brown, or black spots on the skin common with age.

  • Loneliness

    Feeling sad and unhappy about being socially isolated.

  • Long QT syndrome

    A heart rhythm disorder that can cause fast, chaotic heartbeats.

  • Lordosis

    Inward curving of the spine in the neck and lower back.

  • Loss of consciousness

    The inability to respond to surroundings or stimuli.

  • Loss of smell

    Partial or complete loss of the sense of smell.

  • Low back pain

    Physical discomfort with pain affecting the lower half of the back. It can vary in intensity from a dull ache to disabling.

  • Lower GI bleed

    Bleeding from the small intestine, large intestine, rectum or anus.

  • Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

    Bleeding from the small intestine, large intestine, rectum or anus.

  • Lumbar radiculopathy

    A disease of the root of a nerve in the lower (lumbar) spine.

  • Lumbar spinal stenosis

    A narrowing of the open spaces in the lower spine, known as the lumbar spine.

  • Lung cancer

    A cancer that begins in the lungs and most often occurs in people who smoke.

  • Lupus erythematosus

    A long-term illness that happens when the immune system attacks its own tissues and organs.

  • Lyme disease

    An illness caused by borrelia bacteria that usually is spread through the bite of an infected tick.

  • Lymphatic filariasis

    An infection of the lymph system with a parasite called a filarial worm.

  • Lymphedema

    Swelling, most often in an arm or leg, caused by a lymphatic system blockage.

  • Lymphoma

    Cancer that affects the body's germ- and disease-fighting system, also called the lymphatic system.

  • MERS

    A respiratory illness caused by a virus.

  • Macular degeneration

    An eye disease that causes vision loss.

  • Mad cow disease

    A brain disorder in adult cattle that may be spread to humans through diseased meat.

  • Magnesium deficiency

    A low level of the mineral magnesium in the body.

  • Major depression

    A mood disorder causing a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.

  • Malabsorption

    A condition that prevents absorption of nutrients mostly through the small intestine.

  • Malaise

    Learn more about this general sense of not feeling well.

  • Malaria

    A disease caused by a parasite, spread by the bites of infected mosquitoes.

  • Malignant hyperthermia

    Severe reaction to anesthesia drugs causing a high temperature and muscle break down.

  • Malingering

    To intentionally pretend to have a disease in order to achieve another goal.

  • Malnutrition

    Unbalanced nutrition, which can be undernutrition or overnutrition.

  • Malocclusion

    The abnormal alignment of the upper and lower teeth.

  • Mammary ductal carcinoma

    Breast cancer that starts in a milk duct of the breast.

  • Mania

    Extremely elevated and excitable mood usually associated with bipolar disorder.

  • Maple syrup urine disease

    Condition that makes it hard to break down certain parts of protein (amino acids).

  • Marasmus

    Severe malnutrition with muscle and fat wasting.

  • Marfan syndrome

    An inherited disorder that affects connective tissue.

  • Mastitis

    Painful swelling and change in skin color, called inflammation, of breast tissue most often in people who are breastfeeding.

  • Mastocytosis

    Too many of a type of disease-fighting and wound-healing cells (mast cells).

  • Mastoiditis

    An infection caused by germs called bacteria that affect the mastoid bone behind the ear.

  • Measles

    This once common childhood infection most often can be prevented with a vaccine.

  • Melancholia

    A severe form of depression.

  • Melanocytic nevus

    A noncancerous mole caused by a disorder of pigment-producing skin cells.

  • Melanoma

    The most serious type of skin cancer.

  • Melasma

    A skin condition that causes discolored patches on the face. It's also called the mask of pregnancy.

  • Melena

    Dark, tarry stool with or without visible blood.

  • Meniere's disease

    An inner ear disease that can cause a spinning feeling, ringing in the ear and trouble hearing.

  • Meningioma

    A tumor that arises from the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

  • Meningitis

    Inflammation of brain and spinal cord membranes, typically caused by an infection.

  • Meningococcal disease

    A serious bacterial infection that affects the brain and spinal cord.

  • Meningoencephalitis

    Irritation and swelling, called inflammation, of the brain and the tissues around it, most often caused by infection.

  • Menopause

    The permanent end of fertility, signaled by 12 months since last period.

  • Menorrhagia

    Heavy or long-lasting vaginal bleeding during periods.

  • Menstrual disorder

    A type of condition that causes irregular or painful menstrual periods.

  • Mental confusion

    Inability to think or reason in a focused, clear manner.

  • Meralgia paraesthetica

    A nerve condition characterized by tingling, numbness, and pain in the outer thigh.

  • Mesothelioma

    A cancer that starts in the thin layer of tissue covering the lungs, stomach, heart and other organs.

  • Metabolic acidosis

    A condition in which too much acid builds up in the body.

  • Metabolic alkalosis

    Too much of a chemical called bicarbonate in the body.

  • Metabolic syndrome

    A group of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

  • Metatarsalgia

    Pain and irritation of the ball of the foot.

  • Metatarsophalangeal joint sprain

    A sprain of the main joint in the big toe, also called turf toe.

  • Micropenis

    A penis that is much smaller than average.

  • Middle back pain

    Discomfort in the area of the spine between the base of the neck to the bottom of the ribcage.

  • Migraine

    An intense headache often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light and sound.

  • Milia

    A tiny, white bump that commonly appears on a baby's face.

  • Miliaria

    A skin condition that happens when sweat ducts get blocked and sweat becomes trapped under the skin.

  • Miosis

    Constriction of the pupil, which can be short-term or lasting depending on the cause.

  • Miscarriage

    The sudden loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week.

  • Misophonia

    A strong reaction to specific sounds.

  • Mitochondrial disease

    A disorder that happens when structures inside cells that make energy don't work properly.

  • Mitral valve prolapse

    Improper closure of the valve between the heart's upper and lower left chambers.

  • Mitral valve regurgitation

    A type of heart valve disease in which the valve between the left heart chambers doesn't close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward.

  • Molar pregnancy

    A tumor that develops in the uterus as a result of a nonviable pregnancy.

  • Moles

    A mole (pigmented skin lesion).

  • Molluscum contagiosum

    A viral skin infection that results in round, firm, painless bumps.

  • Mongolian spot

    A large, flat birthmark that can range in color from deep brown to slate gray or blue-black.

  • Mood swing

    An abrupt change in mood or emotional state.

  • Morning sickness

    Wanting to throw up with or without throwing up during pregnancy at any time of day.

  • Morton neuroma

    Damage to a nerve that causes pain in the bottom of the forefoot.

  • Motion sickness

    Illness caused by motion during travel.

  • Mouth ulcer

    One or more painful sores on inner lips, gums, tongue, roof of the mouth, or throat that may interfere with eating, such as a canker sore.

  • Multiple myeloma

    A cancer of plasma cells.

  • Multiple sclerosis

    A disease in which the immune system breaks down the protective coating of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord, called the myelin sheath.

  • Mumps

    An illness caused by a virus that usually affects the glands on each side of the face.

  • Munchausen syndrome

    A severe mental condition in which someone pretends to be sick for no obvious reason.

  • Munchausen syndrome by proxy

    A severe mental condition in which someone imposes symptoms on a healthy person.

  • Muscle Spasms

    Involuntary contractions of a muscle, typically harmless and temporary, but can be painful.

  • Muscle pain

    Soreness and achiness in the muscles that can range from mild to severe.

  • Muscle soreness

    Aching, tender muscles.

  • Muscle weakness

    Decreased strength in the muscles.

  • Muscular dystrophy

    A group of genetic diseases that causes muscles to become weaker and lose mass over time.

  • Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)

    Extreme fatigue that can't be explained by an underlying medical condition.

  • Myasthenia gravis

    A weakness and rapid fatigue of muscles under voluntary control.

  • Mycosis

    Any disease that is caused by a fungus.

  • Mydriasis

    Dilated pupils, which may occur normally or in response to a neurologic problem, trauma to the eye or certain medicines.

  • Myelodysplastic syndrome

    A group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly formed or don't work right.

  • Myelofibrosis

    A serious bone marrow condition that harms the making of blood cells.

  • Myelopathy

    A nervous system disorder that affects the spinal cord.

  • Myocardial infarction

    A blockage of blood flow to the heart. Also called a heart attack.

  • Myocarditis

    Inflammation of the heart muscle.

  • Myoclonus

    A sudden, involuntary muscle jerk, shake, or spasm.

  • Myofascial pain syndrome

    A condition of ongoing muscle pain.

  • Myopathy

    A disease of the muscles.

  • Myopia

    A condition in which close objects appear in focus, but far ones don't. Also called nearsightedness.

  • Myositis

    Swelling, called inflammation, in the muscles.

  • Myotonic dystrophy

    A muscle disease featuring an inability to relax muscles at will.

  • Myxedema

    A complication of severe hypothyroidism that can lead to serious health problems.

  • Nail clubbing

    An irregular, rounded shape of the nail bed.

  • Narcissism

    Personality qualities include thinking very highly of oneself, needing admiration, believing others are inferior, and lacking empathy for others.

  • Narcissistic personality disorder

    A disorder in which a person has an inflated sense of self-importance.

  • Narcolepsy

    A sleep condition that causes people to feel very drowsy and to fall asleep suddenly.

  • Nasal congestion

    The inside of the nose can swell with fluid and mucus. Infection, tobacco smoke or perfume can be the cause.

  • Nasal polyps

    A painless growth inside the nose or the hollow areas inside the bones of the face, also known as sinuses.

  • Nasal septum deviation

    Off-center position of the wall between the nostrils, making one entry into the nose, also known as the nasal passage, smaller.

  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

    A cancer that starts in the area behind the nose and above the back of the throat, called the nasopharynx.

  • Nausea

    A queasy sensation including an urge to vomit.

  • Neck pain

    Pain in the neck and shoulder that varies in intensity. It may feel dull and achy or like an electric shock from the neck to the arm.

  • Necrosis

    Death of cells or tissue through disease or injury.

  • Necrotizing fasciitis

    An infection caused by bacteria that spreads quickly through the body and destroys tissue.

  • Needlestick injury

    Getting stuck by a needle that has someone's blood or other body fluid on it.

  • Neonatal acne

    Red bumps that appear on a baby's cheeks, nose, and forehead.

  • Neonatal jaundice

    A liver condition that causes yellowing of a newborn baby's skin and eyes.

  • Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)

    A breathing disorder in newborns caused by immature lungs.

  • Neonatal tetanus

    A life-threatening illness in newborn babies caused by infection with germs called bacteria.

  • Nephritis

    Swelling, also called inflammation, of the kidneys.

  • Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

    A condition in which a kidney issue affects how the body handles fluids.

  • Nephrotic syndrome

    A group of health concerns that show that the kidneys aren't working as they should.

  • Nerve compression syndrome

    A condition in which a nerve is damaged due to overuse or compression.

  • Nerve injury

    Damage to a nerve.

  • Neuralgia

    Pain caused by damaged or irritated nerves.

  • Neuralgia

    Pain that travels along the length of a nerve.

  • Neuroblastoma

    A cancer that grows from immature nerve cells, most often in the adrenal glands.

  • Neurodegeneration

    A deterioration of the nerves.

  • Neuroendocrine tumors

    A cancer that starts in the neuroendocrine cells.

  • Neurofibromatosis

    A condition that causes tumors to form in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

  • Neurogenic bladder dysfunction

    Condition in which the bladder doesn't function properly due to brain or nerve damage.

  • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

    A life-threatening nervous system reaction to certain drugs.

  • Neuromuscular disease

    A group of diseases that affect nerve and muscle function.

  • Neuromyelitis optica

    A disorder that causes swelling of the eye nerves and the spinal cord.

  • Neuropathic arthropathy

    Breaking down of a joint from nerve damage caused by diabetes.

  • Neutropenia

    A low number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cells.

  • Nicotine withdrawal

    Is the term for physical and mental symptoms that happen after stopping or lessening use of tobacco products.

  • Night sweats

    A lot of perspiring during sleep, usually has an underlying cause such as menopause, an illness, or medicine side effect.

  • Night terror

    Episodes of screaming, intense fear, and flailing while still asleep, often paired with sleepwalking.

  • Nightmares

    Frightening dreams, usually during REM sleep, that are normal and common in children under 10 and can also affect teens and adults.

  • Nipple fissure

    A dry, sore, irritated, or cracked nipple.

  • Nocturia

    Urinating frequently at night.

  • Nocturnal enuresis

    Nighttime loss of bladder control, or bed-wetting, usually in children.

  • Nodule

    Fluid-filled or solid lump that doesn't usually mean anything serious is wrong.

  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

    Cancer that starts in the body's germ-fighting system, called the lymphatic system.

  • Non-small cell lung cancer

    One of two major types of lung cancer that can affect smokers and nonsmokers.

  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

    The buildup of liver fat in people who drink little or no alcohol.

  • Noonan syndrome

    A genetic condition preventing normal development in parts of the body.

  • Nosebleed

    Bleeding from the nose is a common symptom that often is not a true health problem.

  • Nummular dermatitis

    Coin-shaped rash or sores.

  • Nutrition disorder

    Any condition caused by poor diet or the inability of the body to use certain nutrients.

  • Nystagmus

    An involuntary eye movement that may cause the eye to rapidly move from side to side, up and down, or in a circle, and may slightly blur vision.

  • Obesity

    A medical condition that involves having too much body fat, which increases the risk of other health conditions.

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder

    Excessive thoughts (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions).

  • Obstructive sleep apnea

    A condition in which breathing stops and starts during sleep.

  • Occipital neuralgia

    A severe headache that begins at the back of the neck and spreads upward.

  • Odynophagia

    Pain while swallowing.

  • Olecranon bursitis

    Inflammation or irritation of a small sac of fluid, known as the olecranon bursa, on the tip of the elbow.

  • Oliguria

    Much less urination than usual.

  • Onchocerciasis

    An infection of the skin and eyes also known as river blindness and caused by a parasite called a filarial worm.

  • Onychocryptosis

    A condition in which the corner or side of a toenail grows into the flesh.

  • Onychomycosis

    A nail fungus causing thickened, brittle, crumbly, or ragged nails.

  • Opportunistic infection

    An infection with various causes that can be dangerous if the immune system is weakened.

  • Oppositional defiant disorder

    A disorder in a child marked by defiant and disobedient behavior to authority figures.

  • Optic neuritis

    Inflammation of the optic nerve.

  • Oral cancer

    Cancer that develops in any part of the mouth.

  • Oral candidiasis

    An infection in which the fungus Candida albicans accumulates in the mouth.

  • Oral mucocele

    A noncancerous mucus-containing salivary gland cyst.

  • Orchitis

    Swelling and irritation that affects one or both testicles.

  • Orthopnea

    Discomfort when breathing while lying down flat; common in people with some types of heart or lung conditions.

  • Orthostatic hypotension

    A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing after sitting or lying down.

  • Osgood-Schlatter disease

    Painful swelling called inflammation that affects the area just below the knee.

  • Ossification

    The process of bone being formed, which can cause symptoms if bone grows in soft tissue where it doesn't belong.

  • Osteoarthritis

    Type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down.

  • Osteogenesis imperfecta

    A group of conditions passed through families that cause fragile bones that break easily.

  • Osteomyelitis

    An infection in a bone.

  • Osteoporosis

    A condition in which bones become weak and brittle.

  • Osteosarcoma

    A type of bone cancer that begins in the cells that form bones.

  • Otitis

    Irritation and swelling of the ear, often from infection.

  • Otitis externa

    An infection of the outer ear canal, also called swimmer's ear. The outer ear canal runs from the eardrum to the outside of the head.

  • Otitis media

    An infection of the air-filled space behind the eardrum, also known as the middle ear.

  • Ovarian cancer

    A cancer that begins in the organs that produce eggs, called the ovaries.

  • Ovarian cyst

    A sac, usually filled with fluid, in or on an ovary.

  • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

    A condition in which the ovaries swell and get painful from excess hormone.

  • Overactive bladder

    A condition that causes a frequent and sudden urge to urinate that may be hard to control.

  • Overweight

    Weight above what's considered healthy, often measured using body mass index (BMI).

  • Ovulation pain

    One-sided, lower belly pain linked to ovulation.

  • Oxidative stress

    Oxidative stress is an imbalance that results when a cell's waste byproducts, called free radicals, are not neutralized by antioxidant molecules.

  • Paget's disease of bone

    A disease that disrupts the replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue.

  • Paget's disease of the breast

    A form of breast cancer affecting the nipple and dark circle of skin around it.

  • Pain

    Physical discomfort ranging from mild to serious, usually caused by injury, illness or a nerve condition.

  • Painful bladder syndrome

    An ongoing condition that causes bladder pressure and pain.

  • Pallor

    A loss of color in the skin and mucous membranes, often related to anemia.

  • Palpitations

    A feeling that the heart is racing, pounding, fluttering or skipping a beat. Can be caused by stress, exercise, medicines or a health condition.

  • Pancreatic cancer

    Cancer that begins in the organ lying behind the lower part of the stomach, called the pancreas.

  • Pancreatitis

    Inflammation of the organ lying behind the lower part of the stomach, called the pancreas.

  • Pancytopenia

    Condition in which blood has fewer red cells, white cells and platelets than usual.

  • Panic

    A sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause.

  • Panic attack

    Sudden episode of intense fear or anxiety and physical symptoms, based on a perceived threat rather than imminent danger.

  • Panic disorder

    Repeated episodes of sudden and intense fear when no real danger exists.

  • Papillary thyroid cancer

    The most common form of cancer of the thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck.

  • Papule

    Small bump on the skin that sometimes hurts.

  • Paralysis

    Complete or partial loss of muscle function.

  • Paraneoplastic syndrome

    A group of symptoms that develops in some people who have cancer.

  • Paranoia

    An unrealistic distrust of others or a feeling of being persecuted. Extreme degrees may be a sign of mental illness.

  • Paraphilia

    Sexual behaviors generally considered harmful or unacceptable or that are illegal.

  • Paraplegia

    Paralysis that affects all or part of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs but not the arms.

  • Paresis

    Partial loss of muscle function.

  • Paresthesia

    Tingling or prickling, “pins-and-needles” sensation; usually temporary, often occurs in the arms, hands, legs, or feet.

  • Parkinson's disease

    A disorder of the nervous system that affects movement, often including tremor.

  • Paronychia

    An infection of the tissue folds around the nails.

  • Parotitis

    Inflammation of 1 or both of the largest saliva-producing glands inside the cheeks.

  • Passive-aggressive behavior

    A pattern of indirectly expressing negative feelings instead of openly addressing them.

  • Patau syndrome

    A condition in which a person has an extra chromosome 13.

  • Patellar tendinitis

    An injury to the tissue that joins the kneecap to the shinbone, called the patellar tendon.

  • Patellofemoral pain syndrome

    A condition in which the cartilage under the kneecap is damaged due to injury or overuse. The kneecap also is known as the patella.

  • Patent ductus arteriosus

    A persistent opening in the heart; a type of congenital heart defect.

  • Pathological laughter and crying

    Inappropriate involuntary laughing and crying due to a nervous system disorder.

  • Pathological lying

    The compulsive urge to lie about matters big and small, regardless of the situation.

  • Pectus carinatum

    A condition in which the breastbone juts out more than usual.

  • Pectus excavatum

    A condition in which the breastbone is sunken into the chest.

  • Peeling skin

    An unintended damage to and loss of the upper layer of skin.

  • Pelvic inflammatory disease

    An infection of the reproductive organs of people assigned female at birth. These organs include the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.

  • Pelvic pain

    Pain in the lowest part of the stomach and pelvis.

  • Penile cancer

    A growth of cells that affects the penis.

  • Penile fracture

    A tear of one of the two tubes, also known as cylinders, that cause the penis to become erect.

  • Peptic ulcer

    A sore that develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach or small intestine.

  • Perforated eardrum

    A hole or tear in the tissue that divides the ear canal from the middle ear, also called the eardrum.

  • Perianal abscess

    A collection of pus in the tissue around the anus and rectum.

  • Pericardial effusion

    A buildup of too much fluid in the sac around the heart.

  • Pericarditis

    Swelling and irritation of the thin, saclike tissue that surrounds the heart, called the pericardium.

  • Periodontal disease

    Disease of the gums and tissue that support the teeth.

  • Periodontitis

    A serious gum infection that damages gums and can destroy the jawbone.

  • Perioral dermatitis

    A skin rash that appears around the mouth.

  • Periorbital dark circles

    Dark circles under the eyes.

  • Periorbital puffiness

    Swelling or puffiness around the eye area.

  • Peripheral artery disease

    A common condition in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the arms or legs.

  • Peripheral neuropathy

    Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage, usually in the hands and feet.

  • Peritonitis

    Inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin layer of tissue lining the abdomen and covering the organs in the abdomen.

  • Pernicious anemia

    A decrease in red blood cells that happens when the body can't absorb enough vitamin B-12.

  • Persistent vegetative state

    A chronic state of brain dysfunction in which a person shows no signs of awareness.

  • Perspiration

    Sweating from sweat glands, often in response to heat, exercise, or stress.

  • Pertussis

    A highly contagious respiratory tract infection, also known as whooping cough, that is caused by germs called bacteria.

  • Pervasive developmental disorder

    A group of disorders characterized by delayed social and communication development.

  • Pes cavus

    A condition in which the arch of the foot is higher than usual.

  • Petechiae

    Tiny round brown-purple spots due to bleeding under the skin, may be in a small area due to minor trauma or widespread due to blood-clotting disorder.

  • Petit mal seizure

    Brief, sudden lapses of consciousness.

  • Peyronie's disease

    Scar tissue inside the penis that causes curved, painful erections.

  • Pharyngitis

    The most common cause of a sore throat, usually from an infection.

  • Phenylketonuria (PKU)

    A rare inherited condition that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body.

  • Pheochromocytoma

    A rare type of tumor that usually is not cancer and forms in an adrenal gland.

  • Phimosis

    A condition in which a tight foreskin can't be pulled back over the head of the penis.

  • Phlebitis

    Swelling and irritation of a vein.

  • Phlegm

    Mucus, thicker than normal due to illness or irritation, coughed up from the respiratory tract.

  • Photodermatitis

    Inflamed, rough patches of skin caused by getting too much exposure to the sun or other type of ultraviolet radiation.

  • Physical abuse

    Use of force to cause physical harm or pain to someone.

  • Pica

    Craving and chewing substances that have no nutritional value, such as ice, clay, soil or paper.

  • Pilonidal cyst

    An unusual pocket in the skin that contains hair and skin debris.

  • Pimple

    A skin pore clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria, usually on the face, neck, chest, back, or shoulders.

  • Pimple

    A skin condition that occurs when hair follicles plug with oil and bacteria.

  • Piriformis syndrome

    An uncommon condition that can lead to pain in the buttocks and down the leg.

  • Pituitary adenoma

    This tumor in the pituitary gland isn't cancer, and it often doesn't spread beyond the skull.

  • Pityriasis rosea

    A skin rash that usually begins as a large spot on the chest, belly, or back.

  • Placenta previa

    A condition in which the placenta completely or partially covers the opening of the uterus.

  • Placental abruption

    With this serious pregnancy complication, the placenta detaches from the womb.

  • Plagiocephaly

    A flat spot on a baby's head.

  • Plantar fasciitis

    An inflammation of a thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes.

  • Plantar wart

    Hard, grainy growths that appear on the heels or balls of the feet.

  • Plaque

    A substance that collects in and hardens blood vessels, builds up on tooth enamel or appears on skin due to certain conditions.

  • Pleural effusion

    A buildup of fluid between the tissues that line the lungs and the chest.

  • Pleurisy

    Inflammation of the tissues that line the lungs and the chest.

  • Pneumocystis pneumonia

    A serious lung infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci.

  • Pneumonia

    Infection that inflames air sacs in 1 or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.

  • Pneumonitis

    A general term that refers to inflamed lung tissue, but usually not to pneumonia.

  • Pneumothorax

    A collapsed lung.

  • Poliomyelitis

    An illness caused by a virus that affects nerves and often can be prevented with a vaccine.

  • Polycystic kidney disease

    A genetic disease in which fluid-filled sacs called cysts grow mainly in the kidneys.

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome

    A hormonal condition causing the ovaries to get larger and form small cysts on their outer edges.

  • Polycythemia

    An unusual increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood.

  • Polycythemia vera

    A slow-growing blood cancer in which bone marrow makes too many red blood cells.

  • Polydactyly

    A condition of having more than 5 digits on a hand or 5 toes on a foot.

  • Polydipsia

    Intense thirst even though drinking lots of fluids.

  • Polyhydramnios

    A condition in which increased amniotic fluid develops in the uterus during pregnancy.

  • Polymyalgia rheumatica

    An inflammatory condition that causes muscle pain and stiffness around the shoulders and hips.

  • Polyp

    Tissue growth on a mucous membrane.

  • Polyphagia

    Excessive eating.

  • Polyuria

    Passing larger amounts of urine than usual.

  • Porphyria

    Disorders resulting from buildup of certain chemicals related to red blood cell proteins.

  • Portal hypertension

    High blood pressure in the vein that carries blood from the intestine to the liver.

  • Post-concussion syndrome

    A complex condition in which several post-concussion symptoms last for weeks or months.

  • Postherpetic neuralgia

    The most common complication of shingles, causing burning pain in nerves and skin long after a shingles rash and blisters heal.

  • Postnasal drip

    Mucus that builds up and drips down the back of the nose and the throat.

  • Postpartum depression

    Depression that occurs after childbirth.

  • Postpartum hemorrhage

    Too much bleeding after a baby is born.

  • Posttraumatic stress disorder

    A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or seeing a terrifying event.

  • Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

    Symptoms related to reduced blood volume that occur when standing up.

  • Prader-Willi syndrome

    A genetic disorder that affects the body, mind, and behavior.

  • Precocious puberty

    A condition in which a child's body begins changing into that of an adult too soon.

  • Prediabetes

    A blood sugar level that is higher than what's considered healthy, but not high enough to be type 2 diabetes.

  • Preeclampsia

    A pregnancy complication that involves high blood pressure.

  • Premature ejaculation

    Orgasm and emission of semen occurring just before or shortly after beginning sexual intercourse.

  • Premature menopause

    Menopause that happens before age 40 caused by chemotherapy or surgical removal of the ovaries./p>

  • Premature ventricular contractions

    Extra heartbeats that begin in one of the lower heart chambers.

  • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

    An extreme form of premenstrual syndrome.

  • Premenstrual syndrome

    A group of symptoms that can happen with menstrual periods, most often between the release of an egg and a period.

  • Pressure ulcer

    This injury to skin and underlying tissue results from pressure on the skin for a long time.

  • Preterm birth

    A birth that takes place too early, before the 37th week of pregnancy.

  • Priapism

    An erection of the penis that lasts too long, most often without sexual arousal.

  • Primary ovarian insufficiency

    A loss of typical function of the ovaries before age 40.

  • Proctitis

    Inflammation of the lining of the tube connected to the end of the colon, called the rectum.

  • Progeria

    A progressive genetic disorder that causes children to age rapidly.

  • Progressive supranuclear palsy

    A brain condition causing serious walking, balance, and eye movement problems.

  • Prolactinoma

    This tumor of the pituitary gland isn't cancer, but it can cause vision problems, infertility and other health issues.

  • Prolapse

    A bulging or falling out of a body part, such as the rectum or vagina.

  • Prostate cancer

    A cancer that starts in the prostate, a small walnut-shaped gland that produces seminal fluid.

  • Prostatitis

    A condition of the prostate gland, most often linked with swelling and irritation.

  • Protein in urine

    Too much protein in the urine.

  • Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy

    An itchy rash that can happen during the last three months of pregnancy.

  • Pruritus

    An uncomfortable, irritating sensation that creates an urge to scratch that can involve any part of the body.

  • Pseudogout

    A form of arthritis with sudden, painful swelling in one or more joints.

  • Pseudotumor cerebri

    A condition that occurs when pressure inside the skull increases for no obvious reason.

  • Psoriasis

    A condition in which skin cells build up and form scales and itchy, dry patches.

  • Psoriatic arthritis

    A type of arthritis that affects some people who have the skin condition psoriasis.

  • Psychopathy

    A mental disorder causing dysfunction in thinking, perceiving, and relating to others.

  • Psychosis

    A mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality.

  • Pterygium

    A growth that starts on the clear tissue of the eye, called the conjunctiva, that can spread to the dome-shaped covering of the eye, called the cornea.

  • Ptosis

    An upper eyelid that is drooping or not fully open.

  • Pubic lice

    A contagious, itchy infestation of the genital area caused by insects.

  • Pulmonary aspiration

    A condition in which food, liquids, saliva, or vomit is breathed into the airways.

  • Pulmonary edema

    A buildup of fluid in the lungs that can be life-threatening.

  • Pulmonary embolism

    A condition in which 1 or more pulmonary arteries in the lungs become blocked.

  • Pulmonary hypertension

    A type of high blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs and the right side of the heart.

  • Purpura

    A condition in which small blood vessels leak blood into the skin, joints, intestines, or organs, that may be caused by certain disorders or aging.

  • Purpuric fever

    A life-threatening childhood illness, also known as Brazilian purpuric fever, caused by germs called bacteria.

  • Pus

    Thick white or yellow fluid that often is caused by an infection with germs and is made of white blood cells, waste from dead cells and thin liquid.

  • Pyelonephritis

    The medical term for kidney infection, an illness in one or both kidney organs.

  • Pyloric stenosis

    A condition in which the opening between the stomach and small intestine thickens, blocking food from entering the stomach.

  • Q fever

    An infection caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii.

  • Quadriplegia

    Paralysis including the trunk, pelvic area, and both arms and legs.

  • Quinsy

    A complication of tonsillitis in which pus collects behind the tonsils.

  • Rabies

    A serious illness caused by a virus spread in the saliva of infected animals.

  • Radiculopathy

    A disease of the root of a nerve, such as from a pinched nerve or a tumor.

  • Raynaud's phenomenon

    A condition that causes areas of the body to feel numb and cool in response to cold and stress.

  • Razor bumps

    A skin condition that happens when shaved beard hair curls back into the skin. This causes small bumps to form around hair follicles.

  • Reactive arthritis

    Joint pain and swelling triggered by an infection in another part of the body.

  • Rectal discharge

    The passage of mucus or other liquid from the anus.

  • Rectal prolapse

    A condition that happens when part of the large intestine slips outside the anus.

  • Rectocele

    A bulge of tissue into the vagina that occurs when the tissue between the rectum and the vagina weakens or tears.

  • Red eye

    Eye redness from irritated or inflamed blood vessels on the surface of the white part of the eye, commonly called bloodshot eyes.

  • Regurgitation

    When food that is not digested or is only partially digested comes back up through the esophagus and is swallowed again or spit out.

  • Renal cell carcinoma

    The most common type of kidney cancer in adults.

  • Renal colic

    Pain on either side of the lower back that's often due to kidney stones and is usually wavelike and intense and spreads to the stomach area or groin.

  • Renal failure

    A condition in which the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood.

  • Repetitive strain injury

    Damage and pain caused by motions repeated over and over.

  • Respiratory acidosis

    A condition in which the lungs can't remove all of the body's carbon dioxide.

  • Restless legs syndrome

    A condition in which the legs feel extremely uncomfortable, typically in the evenings.

  • Restrictive lung disease

    Difficulty fully expanding the lungs with air.

  • Retinal detachment

    An eye emergency that happens when a thin layer of tissue at the back of the eye, called the retina, pulls away from supportive tissue.

  • Retinitis pigmentosa

    A group of eye diseases in which the light sensing tissue at the back of the eye, called the retina, is damaged.

  • Retinoblastoma

    An eye cancer that begins in the inner lining of the eye, called the retina.

  • Rett syndrome

    A rare genetic mutation affecting brain development in girls.

  • Reye's syndrome

    A serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain.

  • Rhabdomyolysis

    A breakdown of muscle tissue that releases a damaging protein into the blood.

  • Rhabdomyosarcoma

    A cancer that begins in the muscles.

  • Rheumatic fever

    A complication of improperly treated strep throat or scarlet fever.

  • Rheumatoid arthritis

    An ongoing condition that causes swelling and irritation, most often starting in the small joints in the hands and feet.

  • Rhinitis

    Repeated sneezing or a stuffy, drippy nose, either from an allergy or from no known cause.

  • Rib fracture

    An injury that occurs when one of the bones in the rib cage cracks.

  • Rickets

    A softening and weakening of bones in children, usually due to not getting enough vitamin D.

  • Right bundle branch block

    A delay or blockage of electrical signals to the right side of the heart.

  • Ringworm

    A highly contagious, fungal infection of the skin or scalp caused by parasites.

  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever

    A serious infection caused by bacteria from a tick bite.

  • Rosacea

    A condition that causes redness and, often, small, red, pus-filled bumps on the face.

  • Roseola

    A common viral infection in young children that may cause high fever and a rash.

  • Rotator cuff tear

    A tear in the tissues connecting muscle to bone, called tendons, around the shoulder joint.

  • Rotator cuff tendinitis

    Swelling of the tissues, called tendons, that connect the muscles and bones in the shoulder.

  • Rotavirus

    A group of viruses that commonly cause stomach upset and diarrhea, especially in children.

  • Rubella

    An illness also known as German measles that is caused by a virus and can most often be prevented with a vaccine.

  • Rumination syndrome

    Repeatedly spitting up food that is not digested or is only partially digested, then chewing it again or spitting it out.

  • Runny nose

    A lot of fluid runs out of the nose, down the back of the throat or both. It can range from clear fluid to thick mucus.

  • SLAP tear

    An injury to the ring of fibrous tissue around the socket of the shoulder joint.

  • SSRI discontinuation syndrome

    Symptoms that may occur when stopping SSRI antidepressants.

  • Sacroiliitis

    Inflammation of one or both of the joints that connect the lower spine and pelvis.

  • Sadness

    Feeling down or unhappy in response to grief, discouragement, or disappointment; if ongoing, may indicate depression.

  • Salmonella infection

    An illness caused by infection with bacteria and commonly spread through contaminated food or water.

  • Sarcoidosis

    The growth of tiny collections of inflammatory cells in different parts of the body.

  • Sarcoma

    A cancer that occurs in the bones and soft tissues.

  • Scabies

    A very itchy skin condition caused by a tiny, burrowing mite.

  • Scanty or infrequent menstruation

    Menstrual periods that happen less often than the average 28-day cycle.

  • Scaphoid fracture

    A common wrist fracture.

  • Scar

    A growth of tissue marking the spot where skin has healed after an injury.

  • Scarlet fever

    An illness, also called scarlatina, that's caused by infection with group A strep bacteria.

  • Schistosomiasis

    A parasitic disease, also called bilharzia, that spreads in contaminated water containing certain species of snails.

  • Schizoaffective disorder

    This mental health condition includes a mix of schizophrenia and mood disorder symptoms.

  • Schizoid personality disorder

    A condition in which people avoid social activities and interacting with others.

  • Schizophrenia

    A brain disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally, such as hallucinations.

  • Schwannomas

    An often noncancerous tumor of the cells in the tissue that covers the nerves.

  • Sciatica

    Pain that travels along the path of the sciatic nerve, which runs down each leg from the lower back.

  • Scleroderma

    Chronic hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues.

  • Sclerosis

    A hardening of tissue in the body from inflammation, scarring or disease.

  • Scoliosis

    A side-to-side curve of the spine.

  • Scorpion sting

    An injury caused by the venom of a scorpion.

  • Scurvy

    A condition caused by a severe lack of vitamin C in the diet.

  • Seasickness

    Nausea and uneasiness caused by a ship's movements.

  • Seasonal affective disorder

    A mood disorder characterized by depression that occurs at the same time every year.

  • Sebaceous cyst

    A small, slow-growing, noncancerous lump in the skin.

  • Seborrheic dermatitis

    A skin condition that causes scaly patches and red skin, mainly on the scalp.

  • Seborrheic keratosis

    A noncancerous skin condition that appears as a waxy brown, black, or tan growth.

  • Second trimester pregnancy

    A pregnancy in the second three months, which is weeks 13 to 27.

  • Seizure

    Uncontrolled jerking, loss of consciousness, blank stares, or other symptoms caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

  • Selective mutism

    A condition in which a child who can speak doesn't speak in certain situations.

  • Self-harm

    The act of deliberately harming the surface of one's own body, such as cutting or burning.

  • Sensorineural hearing loss

    This type of hearing loss involves damage to the inner ear or the nerve from the ear to the brain.

  • Separation anxiety

    A disorder in which a child becomes excessively anxious when separated from parents.

  • Sepsis

    A serious condition in which the body does not respond properly to an infection, causing the organs to work poorly.

  • Septic shock

    A widespread infection causing organ failure and dangerously low blood pressure.

  • Seroma

    A tumorlike collection of fluid under the skin.

  • Serotonin syndrome

    Potentially dangerous symptoms that can occur when antidepressants are taken with other medicines that also raise serotonin levels.

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome

    A contagious and sometimes fatal respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus.

  • Severe combined immunodeficiency

    A serious, inherited condition in which the immune system cannot fight even mild infections. This condition is also known as bubble boy disease.

  • Sexual assault

    Any sexual activity not agreed to.

  • Sexual dysfunction

    Ongoing problems with the ability to have sex.

  • Shaken baby syndrome

    A serious brain injury resulting from forcefully shaking an infant or toddler.

  • Shin splints

    Pain along the shinbone, the large bone in front of the lower leg.

  • Shivering

    Involuntary trembling of the body caused by muscle contractions.

  • Shock

    Happens when organs don't get enough blood.

  • Shoulder pain

    Physical discomfort of the shoulder, including the joint itself or the muscles, tendons and ligaments that support the joint.

  • Sick sinus syndrome

    A heart rhythm disorder in which the heart's natural pacemaker doesn't work as it should.

  • Sickle cell anemia

    One of a group of disorders that cause red blood cells to become misshapen and break down.

  • Sickle cell trait

    A condition in which a child inherits the sickle cell gene mutation from only one parent.

  • Sinusitis

    A condition in which the spaces inside the nose become inflamed.

  • Sjogren's syndrome

    An immune system illness that mainly causes dry eyes and dry mouth.

  • Skin cancer

    Cancer that starts as a growth of cells in the skin.

  • Skin infections

    An infection of the skin caused by bacteria or by a fungus, virus, or parasite.

  • Skin lesion

    Abnormal appearance or growth on the skin.

  • Skin rash

    A short-term outbreak of bumpy, scaly or itchy patches of skin. It may also cause blisters or raised welts.

  • Skin tag

    A common skin growth in which a short, narrow stalk sticks out of the skin.

  • Sleep apnea

    A potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.

  • Sleep apnea

    A potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.

  • Sleep deprivation

    Not getting the required amount of sleep.

  • Sleep paralysis

    A temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or upon waking.

  • Sleepwalking

    The act of getting up and walking around while asleep.

  • Small cell carcinoma

    A type of lung cancer commonly caused by smoking.

  • Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

    A condition in which high numbers of bacteria grow in the small intestine.

  • Smallpox

    This serious, often deadly disease has been wiped out because of a vaccine.

  • Snakebite

    An injury caused by a bite from a snake.

  • Sneeze

    A sudden blast of air or mucus from the mouth and nose from something irritating the nose.

  • Snoring

    Hoarse or harsh sound from nose or mouth that occurs when breathing is partially obstructed while sleeping.

  • Social anxiety disorder

    Chronic mental health condition in which social interactions cause irrational anxiety.

  • Sociopathy

    A mental disorder causing dysfunction in thinking, perceiving, and relating to others.

  • Soft-tissue sarcoma

    Cancer that starts in the soft tissue.

  • Soil-transmitted helminthiasis

    A group of infections caused by worms that live in soil, including hookworm, roundworm and whipworm.

  • Somatic symptom disorder

    A mental disorder in which someone has pain or symptoms without a physical cause.

  • Somnolence

    Excessive sleepiness.

  • Sore throat

    Pain or irritation of the throat, often caused by an infection such as a cold or flu. Swallowing often makes it feel worse.

  • Spasticity

    Muscle overactivity that occurs when communication between the brain and spinal cord is affected by injury or illness.

  • Spider bite

    An injury caused by venom from a spider's bite.

  • Spina bifida

    A condition that happens when a baby's spine and spinal cord don't form properly.

  • Spinal compression fracture

    Occurs when one or more bones in the spine weaken and crumple.

  • Spinal cord injury

    Damage to any part of the spinal cord or nerves at the end of the spinal canal.

  • Spinal disk herniation

    A condition that affects the rubbery disks between the bones that stack to make the spine.

  • Spinal stenosis

    A narrowing of the open spaces in the spine.

  • Splenomegaly

    An enlarged spleen.

  • Spondylitis

    Inflammation of the spine (vertebrae).

  • Spondyloarthropathy

    A group of diseases that involve inflammation and affect the spine or pelvic joints.

  • Spondylolisthesis

    A spinal condition in which a bone in the spine, called a vertebra, slips forward onto the bone below it.

  • Spondylosis

    A general term for age-related wear and tear of the spinal disks.

  • Spotted fever

    A group of diseases caused by germs called bacteria that are spread through tick bites.

  • Sprain

    A stretching or tearing of ligaments, the fibrous tissue that connects bones and joints.

  • Sprained ankle

    An injury that occurs when the ankle rolls, twists or turns in an odd way.

  • Sprained thumb

    An injury of the tissue that connects the bones at the base of the thumb.

  • Sputum

    Thick mixture of saliva and phlegm that's coughed up from the respiratory tract.

  • Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

    A form of skin cancer that develops in the cells of the outer layer of the skin.

  • Stage fright

    Anxiety and panic caused by the thought of performing.

  • Staph infection

    Illness caused by infection with staphylococcus bacteria.

  • Staphylococcal infection

    Illness caused by infection with staphylococcus bacteria and often shortened to staph infection.

  • Starvation

    Serious lack of food and nutrition.

  • Steatorrhea

    Oily, smelly, fatty stools, which often float.

  • Stenosis

    An irregular narrowing of a blood vessel, duct, canal or tube.

  • Stenosis

    The narrowing of an open space in the body, such as a blood vessel.

  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome

    A rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes.

  • Stiff neck

    A feeling of soreness or pain in the neck when trying to move it or turn the head from side to side.

  • Stiff person syndrome

    A condition in which the trunk and limbs stiffen, making it hard to walk.

  • Stiffness

    Being less flexible than usual, most often in the joints.

  • Stomach cancer

    Cancer that occurs in the stomach.

  • Stomatitis

    A condition of the mouth that involves swelling called inflammation and open sores called ulcers.

  • Strabismus

    Condition in which the eyes don't look in the same direction at the same time.

  • Strain

    An injury to a muscle or to the band of tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone, called a tendon.

  • Streptococcal pharyngitis

    Also called strep throat, an infection caused by bacteria that may bring on a sore, scratchy throat.

  • Stress fracture

    A tiny crack in a bone caused by repeated stress or force, often from overuse.

  • Stretch marks

    Indented streaks that usually appear on the body from stretching of the skin.

  • Stridor

    A high-pitched, whistling sound most often heard while taking in a breath.

  • Stroke

    A disruption of blood supply to part of the brain, starving brain tissue of oxygen.

  • Stuttering

    Stuttering is a speech disorder that disrupts the normal flow of speech.

  • Sty

    A red, painful lump near the edge of the eyelid that may look like a boil or pimple.

  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage

    Bleeding in the space between the brain and the tissue covering the brain.

  • Subdural hematoma

    A pool of blood between the brain and its outermost covering.

  • Substance abuse

    A pattern of repeated drug or alcohol use that often interferes with health, work, or social relationships.

  • Sudden cardiac arrest

    The sudden loss of all heart activity due to an irregular heartbeat.

  • Suicidal ideation

    Thinking about or planning suicide.

  • Sunburn

    A type of skin burn resulting from getting too much sun or other type of ultraviolet radiation, such as from sunlamps.

  • Supraventricular tachycardia

    A very fast or erratic heartbeat that affects the heart's upper chambers.

  • Swelling

    Puffiness caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues.

  • Swine influenza

    An infection of the nose, throat and lungs caused by a virus. Swine influenza is also called swine flu or H1N1.

  • Swollen feet

    Buildup of fluid in the foot and ankle area.

  • Swollen lymph nodes

    Lymph nodes are immune system glands that usually swell in response to a bacterial or viral infection. Rarely, swollen lymph nodes are caused by cancer.

  • Syncope

    Fainting, or a sudden temporary loss of consciousness.

  • Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

    A condition in which high levels of a hormone cause the body to retain water.

  • Synovitis

    Swelling, pain and warmth, called inflammation, of the lining of a joint or tendon.

  • Syphilis

    An illness caused by infection with bacteria and spread mainly by contact with genitals or body fluids that starts as a painless sore.

  • Syringomyelia

    The development of a fluid-filled cyst in the spinal cord.

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus

    An illness that happens when the immune system attacks its own tissues and organs.

  • Tachycardia

    A heart rate over 100 beats a minute for any reason.

  • Tachypnea

    Fast, shallow breathing.

  • Taeniasis

    An illness of the digestive system caused by infection with tapeworm eggs or larvae.

  • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

    An often-temporary heart condition that may feel like a heart attack.

  • Tapeworm

    A parasite that can live and feed in human intestines and is spread through tapeworm eggs or larvae.

  • Tardive dyskinesia

    A condition that causes movements that occur over and over and can't be controlled. It's usually caused by long-term use of certain psychiatric medicines.

  • Tay-Sachs disease

    A rare, inherited disorder that destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.

  • Tear of meniscus

    A common injury in which forceful twisting causes certain tissue in the knee to tear.

  • Telangiectasia

    A cluster of dilated tiny blood vessels called capillaries that forms a lesion anywhere on the skin or mucous membranes.

  • Telogen effluvium

    A reversible condition in which hair falls out after a stressful experience.

  • Temporal arteritis

    An inflammation in the blood vessels, called arteries, in the temples. This condition is also called giant cell arteritis.

  • Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

    Pain and compromised movement of the jaw joint and the surrounding muscles.

  • Tendinitis

    A condition in which the tissue that links muscle to bone becomes inflamed.

  • Tendinosis

    A breakdown of tendon tissue caused by repeat motions or too much use.

  • Tennis elbow

    An irritation of the tissue connecting the forearm muscle to the elbow.

  • Tenosynovitis

    Swelling of the protective covering of a tendon that connects muscle to bone.

  • Tension headache

    A mild to moderate pain often described as feeling like a tight band around the head.

  • Teratoma

    A type of germ cell tumor that may contain several types of body tissue.

  • Testicular cancer

    Cancer in the organs that make sperm, called the testicles.

  • Testicular pain

    Pain that happens in or around one or both testicles.

  • Testicular torsion

    When a testicle rotates and twists the cord that brings blood to the pouch of skin containing the testicles, called the scrotum.

  • Tetanus

    A bacterial infection of the nervous system that can be prevented by a vaccine.

  • Tetralogy of Fallot

    A rare condition involving four heart changes present at birth.

  • Thalassemia

    A blood disorder that is passed down in families through genes.

  • Third trimester pregnancy

    The final 12 weeks of a full-term pregnancy.

  • Thirst

    A craving for something to drink, often associated with dehydration.

  • Thoracic outlet syndrome

    A group of disorders that occur when certain blood vessels or nerves are compressed.

  • Thromboangiitis obliterans

    Inflammation and clots in small blood vessels that block blood flow to feet, hands, legs and arms.

  • Thrombocytopenia

    A low number of platelets in the blood. Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are colorless blood cells that stop bleeding in blood vessel injuries.

  • Thrombocytosis

    A condition in which the body overproduces the blood cells that help clotting.

  • Thrombophilia

    A condition that increases a person's risk of forming clumped masses of blood (clots).

  • Thrombophlebitis

    Swelling and irritation of a vein due to a blood clot, often in the legs.

  • Thrombosis

    Blood that becomes thick or clumped and clogs a blood vessel.

  • Thrombus

    A blood clot that forms on and remains attached to the inside wall of a blood vessel or the heart.

  • Thyroid cancer

    A cancer in the butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck, called the thyroid.

  • Thyroid disease

    Any problem with the butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck, called the thyroid.

  • Thyroid nodule

    A lump that forms within the butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck (thyroid).

  • Tic

    A compulsive, repetitive sound or movement that’s often difficult to control.

  • Tick-borne disease

    A type of illness spread through the bite of an infected tick.

  • Tinea capitis

    A fungal infection of the scalp and hair shafts, often called ringworm of the scalp.

  • Tinea cruris

    Fungal infection in the skin of the groin and inner thighs. Also called jock itch.

  • Tinea pedis

    A fungal infection that usually begins between the toes, also called athlete's foot.

  • Tinea versicolor

    A common fungal infection that causes small, discolored patches of skin.

  • Tinnitus

    Ringing or other noises in one or both ears that may be constant or come and go.

  • Tonic-clonic seizure

    A seizure that involves a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions.

  • Tonsillitis

    Swelling of the tonsils, the two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat.

  • Tonsillolith

    A hard lump that develops in the fleshy pads, also known as tonsils, at the back of the throat.

  • Tooth impaction

    A condition in which a tooth fails to fully emerge (erupt).

  • Toothache

    Pain or inflammation in or around the tooth, often caused by tooth decay or infection.

  • Torticollis

    A rare condition in which the neck muscles tighten, causing the head to twist to one side.

  • Tourette syndrome

    A nervous system disorder involving repetitive movements or unwanted sounds.

  • Toxic shock syndrome

    A rare, life-threatening illness caused by infection with bacteria.

  • Toxoplasmosis

    An infection with a parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii.

  • Trachoma

    A bacterial infection that affects the eyes.

  • Transient ischemic attack

    A brief period of stroke-like symptoms that lasts only minutes and causes no permanent damage.

  • Transplant rejection

    When the immune system rejects a transplanted organ, limb or tissue.

  • Traumatic brain injury

    Brain dysfunction caused by an outside force, usually a violent blow to the head.

  • Treacher Collins syndrome

    A rare condition in which some bones and tissues in the face are not developed.

  • Tree nut allergy

    An allergy to nuts that grow on trees.

  • Tremor

    Involuntary shaking or movement, ranging from slight to severe, and commonly affecting hands, legs, face, head, or vocal cords.

  • Trichinosis

    A type of roundworm infection.

  • Trichomoniasis

    A sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite.

  • Trichotillomania

    A disorder that involves recurrent, irresistible urges to pull out body hair.

  • Trigeminal neuralgia

    A chronic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve in the face.

  • Trigger finger

    A condition in which a finger bends and gets stuck, then snaps straight.

  • Trisomy

    A genetic disorder in which a person has 3 copies of a chromosome instead of 2.

  • Trochanteric bursitis

    Inflammation of a major fluid-filled sac in the hip.

  • Tuberculosis

    A serious illness that mainly affects the lungs and is caused by bacteria.

  • Tuberous sclerosis

    An inherited condition in which noncancerous lesions grow in the body.

  • Turner syndrome

    A chromosomal disorder that affects only females.

  • Type 1 diabetes

    A lifelong condition where the pancreas makes little or no insulin, which leads to high blood sugar levels.

  • Type 2 diabetes

    A long-term condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar.

  • Typhoid fever

    A disease that spreads through food and water or close contact.

  • Typhus

    A bacterial disease spread by lice or fleas.

  • Ulcerative colitis

    A type of inflammatory bowel disease that causes swelling in the digestive tract.

  • Ulnar nerve entrapment

    A condition in which the long nerve in the arm gets compressed or irritated.

  • Umbilical hernia

    A condition in which the intestine pokes through the abdominal muscles.

  • Underweight

    When weight is lower than what is considered healthy for a person's height, or when body mass index is less than 18.5.

  • Unstable angina

    A dangerous type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart that requires emergency treatment.

  • Upper back pain

    Physical discomfort affecting the upper part of the back that may vary from a dull ache to serious pain.

  • Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

    Bleeding in the esophagus, the stomach or the first part of the small intestine.

  • Upper respiratory tract infection

    A common viral infection that affects the nose, throat, and airways.

  • Uremia

    A condition that involves very high levels of waste products in the blood.

  • Urethritis

    Swelling and irritation of the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

  • Urinary incontinence

    A common problem where a person loses control of the bladder, the organ that stores urine.

  • Urinary retention

    Trouble urinating and emptying the bladder all the way.

  • Urinary tract infection

    An infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys, bladder or urethra.

  • Uterine cancer

    A type of cancer that begins in the uterus.

  • Uterine contraction

    Tightening of the uterus that occurs on and off and for a short time during pregnancy and becomes more regular and stronger during labor.

  • Uterine fibroid

    Noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during the childbearing years.

  • Uveitis

    An inflammation of the middle layer of the eye (uvea).

  • Vaginal bleeding

    Bleeding from the vagina that isn't linked to usual menstrual periods.

  • Vaginal cancer

    Cancer that starts in the vagina.

  • Vaginal discharge

    A mix of fluid and cells from the vagina that can be white and sticky or clear and watery and can have an odor.

  • Vaginal flatulence

    The passage of gas through the vagina, often triggered by exercise, posture changes or sex.

  • Vaginitis

    An inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching and pain.

  • Valley fever

    An infection caused by coccidioides fungal spores.

  • Varicocele

    A condition in which veins become larger inside the loose pouch of skin that holds the testicles, called the scrotum.

  • Varicose veins

    Twisted, swollen veins, most commonly appearing in the legs and feet.

  • Vascular dementia

    Brain damage caused by multiple strokes.

  • Vasculitis

    A swelling of the blood vessels that causes changes in the blood vessel walls.

  • Vasodilation

    A widening of blood vessels, usually near the surface of skin, leading to increased blood flow with flushing or warmth.

  • Vasovagal syncope

    Fainting caused by an overreaction to certain triggers.

  • Vasovagal syncope

    A sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure, often in reaction to a stressful trigger.

  • Venous thrombosis

    A condition in which a blood clot blocks one or more veins.

  • Venous ulcer

    A wound on the lower leg that does not heal, caused by veins not working well.

  • Ventricular fibrillation

    A life-threatening irregular heartbeat in which the heart beats in a very fast and uncoordinated way.

  • Ventricular septal defect

    A heart condition present at birth in which there's a hole between the lower heart chambers.

  • Ventricular tachycardia

    A potentially life-threatening heart rhythm disorder in which the heart beats about 100 or more times a minute.

  • Vertigo

    A sense that the inside of the head or the room is spinning, often caused by certain head movements.

  • Vestibular schwannoma

    A noncancerous tumor on the main nerve leading from the inner ear to the brain.

  • Viral hemorrhagic fever

    Any of a group of infectious diseases that affect many of the body's organs and may lower the blood's ability to clot.

  • Viral meningitis

    An inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

  • Visceral leishmaniasis

    A systemic disease, also called kala-azar, caused by a parasite that is spread through the bite of infected sand flies.

  • Visual acuity

    The ability to visually identify forms, letters and symbols at a standardized distance away.

  • Vitamin A deficiency

    When the body doesn't have enough vitamin A to work properly.

  • Vitamin B-12 deficiency

    A condition in which the body has too little vitamin B-12, a nutrient that is needed to make red blood cells and DNA.

  • Vitiligo

    A disease that causes the loss of skin color in patches.

  • Volvulus

    A blockage caused by twisting or knotting of the gastrointestinal tract.

  • Vomiting

    Forcefully expelling the stomach's contents out of the mouth.

  • Von Willebrand disease

    A bleeding condition caused by low levels of a clotting protein called von Willebrand factor in the blood.

  • Vulvar cancer

    A cancer that begins as a growth of cells on the outer surface area of the female genitals.

  • Vulvodynia

    Ongoing pain around the opening of the vagina for which the cause isn't known.

  • Wart

    A small, fleshy bump on the skin or mucous membrane caused by human papillomavirus.

  • Water intoxication

    A condition that occurs from drinking too much water, upsetting electrolyte balances.

  • Water retention

    A buildup of fluid in body tissues and cavities.

  • Waterborne diseases

    Diseases caused by various organisms that spread through water.

  • Weakness

    Decreased muscle strength.

  • Weight gain

    Adding pounds to the body, usually from eating too much, not moving enough or both.

  • Weight loss

    Loss of weight that may or may not be on purpose.

  • West Nile fever

    An illness caused by a virus that mosquitoes spread.

  • Wheat allergy

    An allergy to foods containing wheat.

  • Wheeze

    A high-pitched whistling sound made while breathing.

  • Whiplash

    A neck injury that can happen when the head suddenly moves backward and then forward.

  • Wilms' tumor

    A kidney cancer that mainly affects children ages 3 to 4.

  • Wilson's disease

    An inherited disorder that causes too much copper to accumulate in the organs.

  • Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

    A heart condition present at birth in which an extra heart-signaling pathway causes a rapid heartbeat.

  • Wound

    An injury, damage, or trauma to the body, ranging from minor to life-threatening.

  • Wrinkle

    A line, crease, or a fold in the skin.

  • Wrist pain

    Discomfort in the wrist area, usually caused by injury or long-term conditions.

  • Xerosis

    A condition that makes the skin look and feel rough, itchy, flaky or scaly.

  • Xerostomia

    An unusually dry mouth, often caused by medication.

  • Yawn

    A deep breath of air through the mouth that is done without choice and often is triggered by sleepiness.

  • Yaws

    A chronic infection caused by bacteria that affects the skin, bones and joints.

  • Yellow fever

    A viral infection spread mainly by mosquito bites.